Suchergebnisse

For tourism destinations, infrastructure is included as natural resources and man-made resources are natural resources and man-made resources that are needed by tourists when traveling to a tourist destination. This research focuses on the readiness of social, economic, and environmental infrastructures available in tourism destinations. This research aims to analyze the readiness of supporting infrastructure in tourism destinations to achieve Sustainable Tourism Development in Bangka Island for today and the future. This research used an analysis model of IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) to measure the level of one's importance for the performance of other parties. A person's interest was measured by comparing the level of expectation with the performance that carried out using a Likert scale. This research also discussed the extent of tourists' perceptions of the interests or expectations regarding the readiness of supporting infrastructure in the destinations to achieve Sustainable Tourism Development on Bangka Island. a total sample of 240 respondents spread across two selected tourist destinations for each Regency on Bangka Island. This research provides results that the types of infrastructure in Bangka Regency and South Bangka Regency are the concentrate here, such as the economic and social infrastructures, whereas in Central Bangka Regency, the infrastructure that becomes the concentrate here including economic, social, and environmental infrastructures, especially from waste management.

Exploring how we make, distribute, and consume today s media systems Media backends--the electronics, labor, and operations behind our screens--significantly influence our understanding of the sociotechnical relations, economies, and operations of media. Lisa Parks, Julia Velkova, and Sander De Ridder assemble essays that delve into the evolving politics of the media infrastructural landscape. Throughout, the contributors draw on feminist, queer, and intersectional criticism to engage with infrastructural and industrial issues. This focus reflects a concern about the systemic inequalities that emerge when tech companies and designers fail to address workplace discrimination and algorithmic violence and exclusions. Moving from smart phones to smart dust, the essayists examine topics like artificial intelligence, human-machine communication, and links between digital infrastructures and public service media alongside investigations into the algorithmic backends at Netflix and Spotify, Google s hyperscale data centers, and video-on-demand services in India. A fascinating foray into an expanding landscape of media studies, Media Backends illuminates the behind-the-screen processes influencing our digital lives. Contributors: Mark Andrejevic, Philippe Bouquillion, Jonathan Cohn, Faithe J. Day, Sander De Ridder, Fatima Gaw, Christine Ithurbide, Anne Kaun, Amanda Lagerkvist, Alexis Logsdon, Stine Lomborg, Tim Markham, Vicki Mayer, Rahul Mukherjee, Kaarina Nikunen, Lisa Parks, Vibodh Parthasarathi, Philipp Seuferling, Ranjit Singh, Jacek Smolicki, Fredrik Stiernstedt, Matilda Tudor, Julia Velkova, and Zala Volcic

The explosive growth of e‐commerce has resulted in organizations sharing data over the Internet with other Netcentric organizations. Advances in telecommunications and networked applications are forcing dramatic changes in corporate functions, such as supply chain management, enterprise resource planning and customer relationship management. Online transactions with business partners and customers has prompted e‐businesses to re‐evaluate their security strategy, to avoid network downtime and being unable to connect to upstream partners and suppliers. Presence of a robust security architecture is essential to the success of netcentric organizations. Public key infrastructure (PKI) is one such technology that may offer benefits to Netcentric organizations, being a system of services, technology, protocols and standards that can be used as a solution for providing secure transactions. There are many factors that make PKI implementation difficult. This paper provides an overview of PKI technology, insight into challenges, as well as impact of implementing PKI in Netcentric organizations.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this introductory article is to set implementation research in a political science setting. We understand it as having a distinctive and central place within the discipline. We argue that implementation research is not public administration research in disguise. Its frame of reference is not formal constitutional organization but the arrangements and procedures of the living constitution. And implementation research is not just public policy analysis by another name. Its ordering principle is not policy problems as defined and addressed by the 'political system' but policy problems as defined and addressed by relevant societal actors. The importance of implementation research for political science is that it offers scope for empirical constitutionalism: to ask, first, what are the organizational arrangements which generate policies and their effects, in order to ask, second, which of those various arrangements are or could be made optimal forms from a prescriptive constitutional perspective. Implementation research acknowledges the written constitution‐but also the living constitution. It is a mind‐set for sceptical enquiry into the structure and functions of policy processes, and to confront these manifestations of the living constitution with the prescriptions of the written.

Our intention in assembling this special issue of the Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development is to offer a state-of-the-art tour through the political economy issues associated with the provision of public infrastructure, and with the use of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in particular. Anyone who is familiar with PPPs cannot fail to be impressed by the diversity of positions and claims regarding their properties. Some scholars maintain that PPPs are an efficient tool to enhance productivity due to their ability to manage demand-side risk. In contrast, other scholars see in PPPs a scheme whereby the public assumes the risk while the private partner takes the profit.

Our intention in assembling this special issue of the Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development is to offer a state-of-the-art tour through the political economy issues associated with the provision of public infrastructure, and with the use of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in particular. Anyone who is familiar with PPPs cannot fail to be impressed by the diversity of positions and claims regarding their properties. Some scholars maintain that PPPs are an efficient tool to enhance productivity due to their ability to manage demand-side risk. In contrast, other scholars see in PPPs a scheme whereby the public assumes the risk while the private partner takes the profit.

The urban transport infrastructure is one of the most important problems for the cities, and involves many aspects that concern to citizens, governments and the economic growth of the countries. The objective of this paper is to show how this issue has been studied in recent years, with emphasis in the use of simulation and optimization at the whole planning process. We also consider the important key topics as sustainability, costs and risks, mobility and environment impact. Some study cases are shown to clarify the concepts presented.

Doutoramento em Gestão ; Infrastructure investments are essential to achieve economic prosperity, promoting growth and enhancing well-being. Any infrastructure project is a long-term and complex project, par¬ticularly due to the specific nature of the assets and because it involves numerous stakeholders with different interests and objectives. In such conditions, uncertainty and risks are emphasized. Financing infrastructure is particularly challenging given the amount of funds required that are mostly sunk costs. An attractive mechanism, in the governments' perspective, is to use Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and Project Finance techniques. Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) assume an important role on the raise of funds. Besides their primary lending function, another relevant role emerges - risk reduction. Public entities encourage private sector involvement in infrastructure particularly through PPP. These partnerships are used to reduce the infrastructure gap and accelerating the delivery of public assets and services with clear advantages over traditional methods of procurement. Theoretically, economic reasons may be presented supporting PPP. Portugal has a long history using PPP but there are very few papers on the field. In this dissertation, the Portuguese experience is presented with a focus on five projects. In addition, a model to access the relative operational performance of the SCUT concessions is developed using Data Envelopment Analysis. PPP are particularly relevant to developing and emerging countries where the less stable environment emphasizes risks. Different country's risk factors affect PPP arrangements, condi¬tioning the investments intensity and the participation of the private agents, as well as, of MDB. To explore these issues, an empirical analysis is performed using PPP data from 1990-2007. The results indicate the dominance of the economic conditions and of the legal framework, to ex¬plain the agents' participation in PPP and, MDB' participation is higher for riskier countries, confirming the mechanism of risk reduction.