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Working paper on INCAS blog : https://incas.hypotheses.org/ ; The role of the state and public agencies has come to the fore again since the global financial crisis to spur innovation-led growth. Alimented by the success of global tech giants in particular, new policy rationales emerged in favor of government support for ICT startups. The paper addresses the crucial question of whether the corresponding organizational capabilities do exist to implement such policies. This article focuses on the case of South Korea, renowned at the same time for the strong capacities of the state and an institutional setting hostile to new ventures. The main contribution of the paper is to analyze institutional change within the Korean innovation bureaucracy and the evolution of its organizational capabilities, underpinning the startup promotion policies implemented since 2013. Under the appearance of continuity of state innovation capacities, the startup promotion policies foster a restructuring of the public infrastructure supporting the corporate sector. The results, drawn upon an extensive fieldwork in the Korean startup ecosystem, indicate that there is a loss of state capacities, which impede on the implementation of large-scale promotion of the manufacturing industries.

Working paper on INCAS blog : https://incas.hypotheses.org/ ; The role of the state and public agencies has come to the fore again since the global financial crisis to spur innovation-led growth. Alimented by the success of global tech giants in particular, new policy rationales emerged in favor of government support for ICT startups. The paper addresses the crucial question of whether the corresponding organizational capabilities do exist to implement such policies. This article focuses on the case of South Korea, renowned at the same time for the strong capacities of the state and an institutional setting hostile to new ventures. The main contribution of the paper is to analyze institutional change within the Korean innovation bureaucracy and the evolution of its organizational capabilities, underpinning the startup promotion policies implemented since 2013. Under the appearance of continuity of state innovation capacities, the startup promotion policies foster a restructuring of the public infrastructure supporting the corporate sector. The results, drawn upon an extensive fieldwork in the Korean startup ecosystem, indicate that there is a loss of state capacities, which impede on the implementation of large-scale promotion of the manufacturing industries.

The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a key parameter in the analysis of government policy. Most policy decisions are made under ambiguity. This paper studies the effect of changes in ambiguity perception on the value of a statistical life (VSL). We propose a definition of increases in ambiguity perception based on Ekern's (1980) definition of increases in risk. Ambiguity aversion alone is not sufficient to lead to an increase in the VSL when the decision maker perceives more ambiguity. Our results highlight the importance of higher order ambiguity attitudes, particularly ambiguity prudence.

We investigate the influence of the institutional environment on bank capital ratios. Using a sample of 149 banks operating in the Middle East and North Africa region for the period 2004 to 2014, we find that, when stock markets have little presence, institutional variables significantly affect risk-weighted regulatory capital ratios but not leverage ratios. Conversely, when stock markets are more developed, only leverage ratios are influenced by institutional factors. Our results also indicate that institutional variables affect non-weighted equity-to-asset ratios of banks that are listed on a stock exchange. Our findings contribute to the bank capital structure literature and have important policy implications for developing countries.

The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a key parameter in the analysis of government policy. Most policy decisions are made under ambiguity. This paper studies the effect of changes in ambiguity perception on the value of a statistical life (VSL). We propose a definition of increases in ambiguity perception based on Ekern's (1980) definition of increases in risk. Ambiguity aversion alone is not sufficient to lead to an increase in the VSL when the decision maker perceives more ambiguity. Our results highlight the importance of higher order ambiguity attitudes, particularly ambiguity prudence.

Diese Expertise untersucht die Nutzung mobiler Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKTs) in der Arbeitswelt sowie die damit einhergehenden flexiblen Arbeitsformen und die ständige Erreichbarkeit und deren Auswirkung auf die individuelle Work-Life-Balance, also das zufriedenstellende und konfliktfreie Zusammenspiel von Berufs- und Privatleben. In diesem Zuge werden im Rahmen einer umfassenden Literatursichtung Studien zu Deutschland und der Europäischen Union bezüglich der Verbreitung und Nutzung mobiler IKTs in der Arbeitswelt, der Chancen und Herausforderungen für die Work-Life-Balance sowie der Maßnahmen zur Abschwächung der negativen Auswirkungen dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Nutzung mobiler IKTs und die damit einhergehende Erreichbarkeit in den letzten Jahren gestiegen ist und ein flexibles Arbeitsarrangement sowohl in Deutschland als auch in der Europäischen Union von fast der Hälfte der Erwerbstätigen praktiziert wird. Hinsichtlich der Chancen und Herausforderungen für die Work-Life-Balance ergibt sich ein ambivalentes Bild. Neben positiven Auswirkungen, wie zum Beispiel einer besseren Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Familie, einer gestiegenen Autonomie und Produktivität sowie einer sinnvollen Nutzung von Warte- und Pendelzeiten, wurden auch negative Konsequenzen, wie ein erhöhtes Konfliktpotenzial zwischen den verschiedenen Lebensbereichen, Herausforderungen durch Überstunden und Unterbrechungen sowie Einschränkungen im Wohlbefinden durch Stress und Belastung identifiziert. Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Work-Life-Balance wurden auf mehreren Ebenen (gesetzlich, betrieblich, im Team, individuell) bereits umgesetzt, sind geplant bzw. werden empfohlen.

One third of Eritrea's citizens live in exile, and their government uses coercion, intimidation, and manipulation of patriotism to maintain financial flows from the diaspora through a rehabilitation tax and by delegating welfare responsibilities to its citizens abroad. Over one million Eritreans reside in Arab states, yet, we know little about their attitudes towards the homeland regime. Contrary to their compatriots in Europe and North America, they do not have political asylum and instead depend on work contracts for their residence permits. This makes them vulnerable to demands of transnational Eritrean institutions, which issue vital documents in exchange for fulfillment of financial obligations. The diasporic political space is doubly restricted, since authoritarian host states neither permit political activities, nor do they provide reliable protection from the Eritrean regime. This article explores the extent to which Eritreans in the Arab Gulf and Sudan can avert coercion by their home government, and how these states disempower diasporic contention.

How to achieve survey representativeness is a controversially debated issue in the field of survey methodology. Common questions include whether probability-based samples produce more representative data than nonprobability samples, whether the response rate determines the overall degree of survey representativeness, and which survey modes are effective in generating highly representative data. This meta-analysis contributes to this debate by synthesizing and analyzing the literature on two common measures of survey representativeness (R-Indicators and descriptive benchmark comparisons). Our findings indicate that probability-based samples (compared to nonprobability samples), mixed-mode surveys (compared to single-mode surveys), and other-than-Web modes (compared to Web surveys) are more representative, respectively. In addition, we find that there is a positive association between representativeness and the response rate as well as the number of auxiliary variables used in representativeness assessments. Furthermore, we identify significant gaps in the research literature that we hope might encourage further research in this area.

By judgment of 15 June 2016, the Second Chamber of the Cour de cassation states that stays in a functional rehabilitation centre fall under the heading of damage to health expenditure, which is insignificant if it includes the assistance of a third person. That judgment sets out an interpretation of the Dinthillac Nomenclature and raises the questions of its enforceability and its restrictive interpretation by the Cour de cassation. These findings lead us to propose a solution to restore flexibility to the nomenclature. ; International audience ; By judgment of 15 June 2016, the Second Chamber of the Cour de cassation states that stays in a functional rehabilitation centre fall under the heading of damage to health expenditure, which is insignificant if it includes the assistance of a third person. That judgment sets out an interpretation of the Dinthillac Nomenclature and raises the questions of its enforceability and its restrictive interpretation by the Cour de cassation. These findings lead us to propose a solution to restore flexibility to the nomenclature. ; Par un arrêt du 15 juin 2016, la deuxième chambre de la Cour de cassation précise que les séjours dans un centre de rééducation fonctionnelle s'imputent sur le poste de préjudice des dépenses de santé, peu important que ceux-ci incluent l'assistance d'une tierce personne. Cet arrêt tranche une interprétation de la nomenclature Dinthillac et pose les questions de son opposabilité et de son interprétation limitative par la Cour de cassation. Ces constats nous amènent à proposer une solution pour redonner à la nomenclature sa flexibilité.

The bank as a financial institution was an instrument of domination during the colonial period in French West Africa. As such, it played an avant-garde role, capital in the hands of the colonizer to establish its hegemony over the colonized populations of French Black Africa. Thus, this tool served to establish a colonial economic policy based on the subjugation of the peoples of black Africa in general but those of French West Africa in particular. ; La banque en tant qu'établissement financier, a été un instrument de domination pendant la période coloniale en Afrique Occidentale Française. A ce titre, elle a joué un rôle avant-gardiste, capital entre les mains du colonisateur pour asseoir son hégémonie sur les populations colonisées d'Afrique noire française. Ainsi, cet outil à servit de lis à la mise en place d'une politique économique coloniale axée sur l'assujettissement des peuples d'Afrique noire en générale mais ceux de l'Afrique Occidentale Française en particulier.

This new review aims to advance knowledge in its sectoral and functional field by encouraging and sharing original multidisciplinary approaches through its publications. Indeed, to address the multiple challenges (health, environment, economy, social and societal) that food systems will face in the future, a major contribution from the scientific community is expected. ; International audience This new journal aims to advance knowledge about the sectors and functions it discusses by encouraging original multidisciplinary approaches and sharing them in its pages. Indeed, to face the multiple (health, environmental, economic, social and societal) challenges that food systems will have to face in the future, we look forward to a major contribution from the scientific community. ; This new review aims to advance knowledge in its sectoral and functional field by encouraging and sharing original multidisciplinary approaches through its publications. Indeed, to address the multiple challenges (health, environment, economy, social and societal) that food systems will face in the future, a major contribution from the scientific community is expected. ; Cette nouvelle revue ambitionne de faire progresser la connaissance sur son champ sectoriel et fonctionnel en encourageant les approches multidisciplinaires originales et en les partageant par ses publications. En effet, pour relever les défis multiples (santé, environnement, économie, social et sociétal) que devront affronter les systèmes alimentaires dans le futur, une contribution majeure de la communauté scientifique est attendue.

International audience We introduce a class of interest rate models, called the α-CIR model, which gives a natural extension of the standard CIR model by adopting the α-stable Lévy process and preserving the branching property. This model allows to describe in a unified and parsimonious way several recent observations on the sovereign bond market such as the persistency of low interest rate together with the presence of large jumps at local extent. We emphasize on a general integral representation of the model by using random fields, with which we establish the link to the CBI processes and the affine models. Finally we analyze the jump behaviors and in particular the large jumps, and we provide numerical illustrations.

International audience There is indeed an inherited image of Louis XIII and his reign that Saint-Simon, in Parallèle des trois premiers rois Bourbons, tries to reshape in the name of the truth and the greatness of history. This emotional and expressive portrait, which is constructed and crystallizes during Louis XIV's reign, in particular via the many depictions of Louis XIII, is not only due to the wicked slander, ignorant rumors, or, as the chronicler implies, the injustice of men. In the aftermath of the coup d'état of April 24, 1617, the sixteen-year-old monarch himself works toward creating a representation of himself by legitimizing the idea of a king of emotion. ; Il existe bien une image héritée de Louis XIII et de son règne que Saint-Simon, dans le Parallèle des trois premiers rois Bourbons, tente de remodeler au nom de la vérité et de la grandeur de l'histoire. Or cette peinture affective et expressive qui se construit et se cristallise au Grand Siècle, notamment à travers les nombreux portraits de LouisXIII, n'est pas seulement imputable à la médisance des méchants, à l'ignorance de la rumeur ou, comme le laisse encore entendre le mémorialiste, à l'injustice des hommes. Au lendemain du coup d'État du 24 avril 1617, le monarque de seize ans œuvre lui-même à sa propre représentation en légitimant l'idée d'un roi d'émotion.