Suchergebnisse

BACKGROUND: The importance of blood safety in public health was recognized long ago, and data are essential to plan strategies to improve the status. This study aims to obtain data on blood donor and blood donation characteristics that would complement blood safety data from national and international organizations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to seven Francophone countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, and Rwanda) and was structured to obtain objective data on blood donors and donated blood and in administrative and technical organization. RESULTS: The results reflect a poor level of organization of blood transfusion centers in large regions of the African continent, insufficient supply of blood products, high prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections, limited financial resources, a lack of well-trained personnel, and cultural obstacles. Six countries had less than 50% of their personnel trained in transfusion medicine. Only one country had the entire standard operating procedure written. Female donors represented less than 30% of the donors and the range of percentage of hepatitis B found in donors was 2.76% to 18.96%. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of these regions in future blood safety surveys and in the development of national blood transfusion programs is essential and will undoubtedly require the assistance of international organizations. © 2009 American Association of Blood Banks.

The Russian excellence project, referred to as the 5–100 program, is coming to an end. While it did not accomplish one of its goals to catapult some Russian universities into the top 100 of the global university rankings, the project achieved a number of important objectives. These include internationalization, improved management, and strengthened research infrastructure and productivity. The Russian government is currently considering a new program for university improvement.

The armed forces support the functions of public order in dealing with various circumstances whether permanent (vigilance), occasional (reaction to events) or accidental (catastrophes). They operate within the context of the civil territorial organization and in the three dimensions of national territory. An updated structure has been created and tested which retains the characteristics specific to the use of armed force and a high state of readiness in case of need.

In February 2018 was 120 years of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Ethiopia. As you know, the Ethiopian Empire was one of the first countries in Africa with which the Russian Empire established diplomatic relations. In 1917, after the Great October Revolution, official relations between the Ethiopian Empire and the USSR were suspended and resumed only in 1943. Thus, Ethiopia became not only the first country in Africa with which Russia established official diplomatic ties, but also a window to Africa. Before the 60s of XX century, the freedom fighters of Africa and students who received a scholarship to study in the universities of the USSR were forced to travel through Ethiopia, because the colonial authorities did not allow their arrival in the country of the Soviets. The publication is devoted to the history of training national personnel for Ethiopiain Russia in the last period of the XIX and the beginning of the 20th century.

The purpose of this work is to quantify the effectiveness of the environmental institutions in Russia from the perspective of the concepts of green economy and green growth. For these purposes we used the indicators of the environmental and economic dynamics, which can be considered as characteristics of the quality of growth from an environmental point of view: eco-intensity, representing direct quantitative characteristics of resource use or negative impact per unit of economic result, and decoupling coefficients. The authors adhere to the approach to the quantitative assessment of green growth, proposed by P. Victor in 2014. The proposed tools allow analyzing environmental and economic trends for individual regions, industries and types of negative anthropogenic impact. Based on the calculation results, it can be concluded that Russian environmental institutions are not a sufficiently fine instrument of regulation, as they do not fully take into account the regional characteristics and, in general, do not create sufficient incentives for greening the economy. The results of the work can be used both in theoretical studies of ecological and economic dynamics for individual countries and regions, and in practical development of programs for the development of territories

The article presents the justification of the methodology for studying the strategies of financial behavior of the population, the dynamics of their prevalence in Russia in the period 2009—2020, as well as the assessment of the influence of socio-demographic variables on the probability of having a financial strategy in the household. The analysis of the data obtained from "Monitoring of the financial behavior of the population" for 2009—2020 has demonstrated that the financial planning horizon of the majority of Russians does not exceed one year, about 50% of Russians have long-term financial goals, and about 30% have strategies to achieve them. A positive relationship has been revealed with a number of socio-demographic characteristics that fit into the logic of the life cycle: age, presence of children, higher education and income.

This handbook offers a comprehensive collection of essays on all aspects of Russian security and foreign policy by international scholars from across the world. The volume identifies key contemporary topics of research and debate and takes into account the changes that have occurred in the study of Russian security strategy since the end of the Cold War. The handbook is organised into five sections: The theory and nature of Russian security policy; The domestic and foreign policy nexus; Instruments used by Russia in pursuing its security; Global and regional aspects of Russian security and foreign policy; Case studies of Russian involvement in a series of security conflicts. The book concludes with case studies of the major examples of Russian involvement and operations in a series of security conflicts, including that in Georgia, the intervention in Ukraine and occupation of Crimea, and the ongoing Civil War in Syria.

Given the increasing importance of the digital economy, competition for digital technologies and solutions, as well as the contest to influence norms, standards, and regulatory mechanisms, is escalating. This influence is distributed unevenly—digitalization leaders, primarily the key Group of 20 (G20) members, gain significant advantages, increasing their potential for shaping digital regulation through the consistent inclusion of domestic standards and norms in the documents of multilateral institutions, including the G20, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), and the United Nations (UN) At the same time, Russia's impact on the most important aspects of digital economy regulation at the global and regional level is currently limited. The article presents an assessment of the influence wielded by the leading G20 members (the U.S., Canada, the UK, the European Union (EU), Japan, Korea, China and India) on the digital economy's development and regulation. This assessment serves as the basis for recommendations on Russia's approaches to the specific aspects of regulation (digital infrastructure development, cybersecurity, regulating digital platforms, regulating global stablecoins and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), data governance, and artificial intelligence (AI) policies) at the national level, as well as its engagement in the G20 and other multilateral institutions. The analysis indicates that the leading countries affect the digital economy mainly by determining conditions for activities in their domestic digital markets and participating in shaping new global standards and rules. In the areas of digital infrastructure development, cybersecurity, and data governance, there are growing contradictions between the approaches of the U.S., the UK, Japan and partly the EU and Korea on the one hand, and Russia, China and India on the other. Recommendations in these areas are related to strengthening coordination within the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa to develop common positions and collectively promote them in the G20 and other multilateral institutions. The main recommendations on other regulatory aspects include using the experience of digitalization leaders to minimize the risks posed by competitors and to strengthen Russian positions in the global digital economy.

The Islamic vector is a part of Russian foreign policies. Its importance should not be exaggerated, yet it may hardly be ignored. This vector is underpinned by Russia's striving to establish close relations with the Muslim world and to emphasize the closeness of their interests, as well as to contain the Western domination in the global politics by means of cultivating and promoting common contribution of Russia and Muslim countries to the creation of a new world order based on the principle of multipolarity. The Russian official ideology emphasizes the similarity of traditions and civilizational identities of Russia and the Islamic Ummah. In 2015, Russian president Vladimir Putin said that Russia is a Muslim country. Undoubtedly, it may be considered a propagandist declaration, however it was highly appreciated in the Muslim world. This idea of closeness of Russia and the Islamic Ummah is supported by the Russian Orthodox Church. Patriarch Kirill of Moscow has stressed that the Russian Orthodoxy is more similar to the Islamic tradition than to the Western Christianity. Nonetheless, it is impossible to establish close relations with the Muslim world as different interests of dozens of Muslim countries have to be taken into consideration. Consequently, the Islamic vector in the foreign policy of Russia plays an instrumental role and is deeply linked to its pragmatic – political and economic – goals. The Ukrainian crisis and the deterioration of the Russian–Western relations stimulate Russia's increased interest in deepening relations with Muslim countries. Yet, there are several obstacles on this path. The first consists in Russia's inability to provide the much needed economic and financial assistance to Muslim countries on a regular basis and in the required amounts. Russia cannot compete with the Western economies, with which Muslim countries have established long-term relations. Another problem is the pressure that the West, and first and foremost the United States, exerts on the Muslim states in an attempt to make them join the anti-Russian sanctions. In some cases, these attempts may be fruitful, in others – they fail, but they continue, leaving a negative impact on the Russian relations with the Muslim world.

The current study was designed to provide further information on characteristics of adolescent sexual offenders who have and have not experienced abuse. The subjects were approximately 300 adolescent offenders seen in a clinical treatment program. Abused and nonabused adolescent offenders were compared on a number of offense-specific variables and standardized instruments including the MMPI, Interpersonal Behavior Survey, Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, and Self-Reported Delinquent Behavior Checklist. Results indicated that those offenders who were sexually abused had an earlier onset of their offending, had more victims, were likely to abuse both males and females, and tended to show more psychopathology and interpersonal problems, although no differences were found in terms of self-reported delinquent behavior or family functioning. The data are discussed in terms of their possible etiological significance and clinical implications.

The publication presents the results of a study devoted to the study of images of Russian protest political figures in the representation of young people. In the course of an empirical study conducted in the spring of 2020, students of higher educational institutions in Vladivostok and St. Petersburg were interviewed. Both the leaders of the liberal non-system opposition (A. Navalny and L. Sobol) and the leader of the Communist party of Russia G. Zyuganov were taken as objects. We used the method of semantic differential (SD), factorization of data by the principal component method, as well as the method of free associative experiment. The categorical structure of the semantic space of ideas about protest political leaders was determined. The General categories identified on the basis of factorization of SD data include such axes of evaluating political leaders as "intellectual and leadership qualities", "aggressiveness", "hypocrisy and corruption", and "honesty and kindness". These categories reflect the structure of young people's political thinking. Based on these semantic universals, the images of Russian protest leaders were reconstructed and their main characteristics in the representation of young people were revealed. Analysis of the results showed the presence of many common structural components in the political consciousness of young people in different cities of Russia. Young people use roughly the same basic categories for evaluating political leaders. The images of protest leaders in the representation of the youth of the two cities also turned out to be almost identical. The results of the study can be useful for researchers, political forces, political and civil leaders.

Homeland Security Affairs Journal Special COVID-19 Issue ; The article record may be found at https://www.hsaj.org/articles16533 ; The effects of the novel coronavirus and its related disease COVID-19 have been far reaching, touching American society and its Western partners' health and mortality, economics, social relationships, and politics. The effects have highlighted longstanding societal divisions, disproportionately harming minority groups and the socioeconomically disadvantaged with Black…CONTINUE READING ; Sponsored the U. S. Department of Homeland Security's National Preparedness Directorate, FEMA, CHDS is part of the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS).