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PurposeHealth is becoming an increasingly important issue in the UK as well as the rest of Europe. Emphasis on the importance of healthy eating is ongoing for many reasons, including the growing concern about childhood obesity resulting in the ban of advertising of unhealthy foods to children in the UK in April 2007. However, although legislation has been placed upon the advertising of unhealthy food products, no such restrictions have been placed on the packaging of children's foods despite the influence of packaging on consumer buyer decisions. This paper aims to investigate the effect of packaging on children's product preferences and its ability to influence parents' buyer decision in‐store.Design/methodology/approachThe study was approached from the parents' rather than the children's perspective. A quantitative approach was adopted in data collection, using a 28 item Likert scaled questionnaire administered to 150 parents, with over 95 percent response rate.FindingsThe study shows that packaging does affect the product preferences of children. Also, children are particularly interested in influencing the purchase of unhealthy foods. However, parents within the study claimed that they did not succumb to their children's requests for the purchase of unhealthy food, which contradicts evidence from previous findings.Research limitations/implicationsThe claim by parents that they did not succumb to their children's requests for unhealthy food contradicts findings from previous research. This therefore leads to a recommendation for further studies as social desirability bias may have influenced the outcomes of the findings.Practical implicationsFindings from this study can be applied within the retail and service marketing sector to provide the practitioner with information relevant to decision making on children's influence on parents buyer behavior in‐store. Outcomes of the study are also important when considering the future of children's food marketing and tackling the issue of childhood obesity.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates that there is a relationship between packaging and children product preferences and children's influence on parents' buyer decision in‐store.

As misinformation is common in the digital media environment, it has become more important to understand risk communication in the context of communicative behaviors of publics that affect public opinion and policymaking. Focusing on food safety issues such as genetically modified food and food additives in China, this study aims to understand the communicative action of publics and the role of organizational trust in the conspiratorial thinking of publics and their perceptions of food safety issues. Using a national sample of 1,089 citizens living in China, this study examines situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) to understand when and how publics become active in communicative actions to take, select, and transmit information regarding food safety issues. In addition, this study tests the role of organizational trust in the food industry between conspiratorial thinking of publics and their situational perceptions, which are antecedent variables to increase communicative action of publics in problem solving. The results demonstrate that STOPS can be applied to the food safety issue to predict communicative actions of publics, and organizational trust plays a vital role in reducing individuals' concerns about the food safety issue.

http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=POLAF_130_0089 ; This article focuses on the anger against the increase of food product prices in the city of Niamey. While this anger has arisen in many cities in the Sahel, and around the world, since the middle of the 2000, this article questions its local manifestations, not only from the perspective of collective mobilizations against « La Vie Chère », but also in the ordinary daily life, outside the more visible areas of protestation. It aims at demonstrating that this anger against high prices is not only a mere reaction against the worsening of living conditions, but also entails the production of a local political imaginary made up of memories of prices control and market provision policies that preceded the liberal turn at the end of the 1980s. The article also aims at demonstrating that models of legitimacy built by the Nigerian authorities of that period, have fueled discourses and practices of contestation since the regulatory functions of the state have been abandoned. ; Cet article porte sur le mécontentement social face à l'augmentation des prix des denrées alimentaires dans la ville de Niamey. Alors que ce mécontentement a marqué bon nombre de villes du Sahel et du reste du monde depuis le milieu des années 2000, il interroge ses expressions proprement locales, non seulement dans le cadre de mobilisations collectives face à " la vie chère ", mais aussi dans des situations plus ordinaires, en dehors des espaces les plus visibles de la contestation. Il s'attache à montrer que la colère face à l'augmentation des prix, loin de constituer une simple réaction induite par la dégradation des conditions de vie, charrie des imaginaires politiques locaux, eux-mêmes liés à la mémoire des politiques de contrôle des prix et d'approvisionnement des marchés qui ont précédé le tournant libéral de la fin des années 1980. Il s'attache aussi à montrer que les modèles de légitimité bâtis par les autorités nigériennes de l'époque, entretenus par celles qui leur ont succédé, ...

http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=POLAF_130_0089 ; This article focuses on the anger against the increase of food product prices in the city of Niamey. While this anger has arisen in many cities in the Sahel, and around the world, since the middle of the 2000, this article questions its local manifestations, not only from the perspective of collective mobilizations against « La Vie Chère », but also in the ordinary daily life, outside the more visible areas of protestation. It aims at demonstrating that this anger against high prices is not only a mere reaction against the worsening of living conditions, but also entails the production of a local political imaginary made up of memories of prices control and market provision policies that preceded the liberal turn at the end of the 1980s. The article also aims at demonstrating that models of legitimacy built by the Nigerian authorities of that period, have fueled discourses and practices of contestation since the regulatory functions of the state have been abandoned. ; Cet article porte sur le mécontentement social face à l'augmentation des prix des denrées alimentaires dans la ville de Niamey. Alors que ce mécontentement a marqué bon nombre de villes du Sahel et du reste du monde depuis le milieu des années 2000, il interroge ses expressions proprement locales, non seulement dans le cadre de mobilisations collectives face à " la vie chère ", mais aussi dans des situations plus ordinaires, en dehors des espaces les plus visibles de la contestation. Il s'attache à montrer que la colère face à l'augmentation des prix, loin de constituer une simple réaction induite par la dégradation des conditions de vie, charrie des imaginaires politiques locaux, eux-mêmes liés à la mémoire des politiques de contrôle des prix et d'approvisionnement des marchés qui ont précédé le tournant libéral de la fin des années 1980. Il s'attache aussi à montrer que les modèles de légitimité bâtis par les autorités nigériennes de l'époque, entretenus par celles qui leur ont succédé, ...

Background: New psychoactive substances (NPS) are on offer worldwide online, in order to shed light on the purity and price of these substances in the European Union, a research collaboration was set up involving France, United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands, Czech Republic and Poland. Methods: Per country, around 10 different NPS were test purchased from different webshops. Then, chemical analysis of NPS was done with according reference standards to identify and quantify the contents. Results: In contrast to what is generally advertised on the webshops (>99%), purity varied considerably per test purchased NPS. Several NPS were mislabelled, some containing chemical analogues (e.g. 25B/C-NBOMe instead of 25I-NBOMe, pentedrone instead of 3,4- DMMC). But in some cases NPS differed substantially from what was advertised (e.g. pentedrone instead of AMT or 3-FMC instead of 5-MeO-DALT). Per gram, purity-adjusted prices of cathinones differed substantially between three countries of test purchase, with Poland being the least expensive. Synthetic cannabinoids were relatively the most expensive in the Czech Republic and least expensive in the UK. Conclusions: The current findings provides a snapshot of the price and chemical contents of NPS products purchased by different countries and in different webshops. There is a potential danger of mislabelling of NPS. The great variety in price and purity of the delivered products might be the result of the market dynamics of supply and demand and the role of law enforcement in different European countries.

Microbe development for the biomanufacturing age
Joe Price, Dr Kang Lan Tee & Prof Tuck Seng Wong, explore adopting a holistic approach to microbe development for the age of biomanufacturing. Since the late 2000s, scientists worldwide have proposed that humans have done something that no biological entity has ever done before: directly shifted our planet into a new geological epoch. This epoch – The "Anthropocene" – is the result of the largely negative impact that we've had on the earth, and it brings a dire need to transition our industries and ways of life towards new systems that are sustainable and circular, living in harmony with the planet instead of in discord.

On the demand of the French Electricity Union (UFE), Jan Horst Keppler, Professor of Economics at the University of Paris — Dauphine, and Régis Bourbonnais, Master of Conferences at the University of Paris — Dauphine and specialist in econometrics, have undertaken a series of statistical tests to determine the price elasticity of electricity demand in France. ; Sur la demande de l'Union française d'électricité (UFE), Jan Horst Keppler, Professeur d'économie à l'Université Paris - Dauphine, et Régis Bourbonnais, Maître de conférences à l'Université Paris - Dauphine et spécialiste en économétrie, ont entrepris une série de tests statistiques pour déterminer l'élasticité prix de la demande électrique en France.

The study sought to determine challenges to food security among households of CBOs implementing agroforestry in Rongai Sub County in Nakuru and mitigation factors. The study was anchored on the systems theory and employed a mixed research methods design with simple random sampling used to get the CBOs from which the respondents were drawn. The target population was 630 members of all forty-seven (47) CBOs implementing agroforestry in the study area. The sample size was 245 respondents selected using the proportionate random sampling method. Questionnaires comprising of both open-ended and closed-ended questions were used to collect the data. From the study, the food produced by the households is insufficient and has to be supplemented by those outside the households. The food produced is of quality controlled by factors including farm management practices and capital availability for production. There is food inaccessibility as those produced are a source of income for the households yet insufficient. However, there is an improvement compared to previous years. The households' food production is unstable as shown by variations in production and insufficiency of the food. Food security is challenged by the failure of all members of CBOs to take part in decision-making processes, reporting, roles, and responsibilities not being assigned appropriately. Mitigation factors are hardly employed by the CBOs to curb the challenges faced in implementing agroforestry. The study recommends building the capacity of CBOs implementing agroforestry in areas of resource mobilization, empowering them to harmonize governance processes, developing and implementing an M&E framework. It also recommends the development and implementation of sound policies that promote agroforestry expansion

This article reports the findings of a one-year project examining British press coverage of the genetically modified (GM) food debate during the first half of 2003, and both expert and non-expert reactions to that coverage. Two pro-GM newspapers and two anti-GM newspapers were selected for analysis, and all articles mentioning GM during the period in question were stored in a machine readable database. This was then analyzed using corpus linguistic and discourse analytic techniques to reveal recurrent wording, themes and content. This text analysis was complemented by 12 interviews with experts involved in the communication of GM issues, and 12 focus-group sessions in which members of the public reacted to selected newspaper texts and other GM material. Both in the press and in public reaction, the issue of GM was found to be intimately associated with other political events of the time, notably the invasion of Iraq. Except among experts, there was little awareness of the official national debate and issues were approached in more general terms. Pro-GM characterization of the issues as primarily scientific, both by newspapers and experts, was rejected by the anti-GM press and campaigners, and by the focus-group participants. They assessed the issues in a more global frame, rejecting scientists and companies as unreliable. In addition, they linked both US and British GM policy to the invasion of Iraq, and, by analogy, rejected pro-GM arguments as untrustworthy.

The incorporation of lipid ingredients into food matrices presents a main drawback—their susceptibility to oxidation—which is associated with the loss of nutritional properties and the generation of undesirable flavors and odors. Oil-in-water emulsions are able to stabilize and protect lipid compounds from oxidation. Driven by consumers' demand, the search for natural emulsifiers, such as proteins, is gaining much interest in food industries. This paper evaluates the in vitro emulsifying properties of protein hydrolysates from animal (whey protein concentrate) and vegetal origin (a soy protein isolate). By means of statistical modelling and bi-objective optimization, the experimental variables, namely, the protein source, enzyme (i.e., subtilisin, trypsin), degree of hydrolysis (2–14%) and emulsion pH (2–8), were optimized to obtain their maximal in vitro emulsifying properties. This procedure concluded that the emulsion prepared from the soy protein hydrolysate (degree of hydrolysis (DH) 6.5%, trypsin) at pH 8 presented an optimal combination of emulsifying properties (i.e., the emulsifying activity index and emulsifying stability index). For validation purposes, a fish oil-in-water emulsion was prepared under optimal conditions, evaluating its physical and oxidative stability for ten days of storage. This study confirmed that the use of soy protein hydrolysate as an emulsifier stabilized the droplet size distribution and retarded lipid oxidation within the storage period, compared to the use of a non-hydrolyzed soy protein isolate. ; Spanish Government CTQ2017-87076-R

On June 10, 2011, the National Archives exhibit, "What's Cooking Uncle Sam?" opened for a six-month run in Washington D.C., and subsequently, it has toured the United States.1 The exhibit, which contains numerous artifacts, government documents, and images, explores the attempts the American government has made to impact what people eat. From the turn of the twentieth century forward, the U.S. government " . has . attempted, with varying success, to change the eating habits of Americans."2 Its many efforts have included governmental calls to increase the home production of food during wartime. Images such the iconic "Of Course I Can!" poster from the World War Two era evoke a nostalgia that remains powerful in the modern United States. In fact, reproductions of these images are readily available for sale.3

1 sheet ([1] p.) ; Caption title. ; Royal arms at head of text; initial letter. ; Printed in black letter. ; Dated at end: Given at Our Court at Whitehall the tenth day of May, 1665 in the seventeenth year of Our Reign. ; Imperfect: stained with slight loss of text. ; Reproduction of the original in the National Library of Scotland.