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Background Patient participation on both the individual and the collective level attracts broad attention from policy makers and researchers. Participation is expected to make decision making more democratic and increase the quality of decisions, but empirical evidence for this remains wanting. Objective To study why problems arise in participation practice and to think critically about the consequence for future participation practices. We contribute to this discussion by looking at patient participation in guideline development. Methods Dutch guidelines (n = 62) were analysed extended version of the AGREE instrument. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with actors involved in guideline development (n = 25). Results The guidelines analysed generally scored low on the item of patient participation. The interviews provided us with important information on why this is the case. Although some respondents point out the added value of participation, many report on difficulties in the participation practice. Patient experiences sit uncomfortably with the EBM structure of guideline development. Moreover, patients who develop epistemic credibility needed to participate in evidence-based guideline development lose credibility as representatives for 'true' patients. Discussion and conclusions We conclude that other options may increase the quality of care for patients by paying attention to their (individual) experiences. It will mean that patients are not present at every decision-making table in health care, which may produce a more elegant version of democratic patienthood; a version that neither produces tokenistic practices of direct participation nor that denies patients the chance to contribute to matters where this may be truly meaningful.

Progressive legislative actions in Uganda and Tanzania have improved women's legal rights to land, however significant gender disparities persist in access, control, inheritance, and ownership of land at the grassroots level. One promising mechanism to improve the implementation of laws is through Community–based Legal Aid (CBLA) programs, which are typically designed as pro–poor to enhance legal empowerment of marginalized groups.A qualitative study of CBLA programs in Uganda and Tanzania was conducted by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) to assess the efficacy of CBLA activities, understand challenges faced by CBLA implementing organizations, and document opportunities and potential for scaling–up. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; CAPRi; CRP2; CRP7; USSP ; EPTD; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

This study applies attribution theory to examine public appraisals of the president. To date, most political science research on attribution theory has focused on domestic policy, and no work has considered both domestic and foreign policy domains in tandem. To fill this gap, we formulate and experimentally test a series of hypotheses regarding the level of responsibility and credit/blame that individuals attribute to the president in both policy domains across varying policy conditions. We also consider how party compatibility affects people's attribution judgments. Our findings provide a new contribution to the literature on political attributions, executive accountability, and public perceptions of presidential performance.

El hecho de formar parte de una comunidad supone para el individuo construir unas concepciones comunes que permiten vivir en sociedad. Por ello, es necesario reflexionar sobre cómo dichas concepciones influyen en el pensamiento de los individuos a nivel específico. El proceso de globalización acaecido en los últimos años nos obliga a plantearnos de qué manera afecta a la construcción del conocimiento individual. Concretamente, nos cuestionamos su impacto en la educación y cómo diferentes organismos de evaluación de la calidad educativa podrían influir en las políticas educativas de los diferentes países. De esta manera, los contenidos y competencias a adquirir por parte de los alumnos, estarían supeditados de algún modo a dar respuesta a tales evaluaciones ; The fact of being part of a community is for the individual building common knowledge that allows us to live in society. It is therefore necessary to reflect on how these conceptions influence the thinking of individuals at a specific level. The global process that has been taking place these last years force us to think of in which way it is affecting the individual knowledge construction. Specifically, we are wondering about its impact on education and how different organisms of evaluation of educational quality would able to influence the educational politics of different countries. In this way, contents and competences to acquire by the students would be dependent, in some way, to respond to these evaluations

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the moral foundations structure in the Croatian population, and to examine possible changes in moral foundation structure after a major political scandal in Croatia. Methods: We conducted an online survey using Moral Foundations Questionnaire and Key Social Issues Scale, which was distributed in two waves, in 2009 and 2014. Participants were invided from the Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences at the universities in Zagreb and Split and asked to distribute the survey to colleagues and friends. Results: 3000 participants completed the survey in 2009, 1323 participants completed the survey in 2014. In both samples, most participants reported that they relied more on individual foundations of "Care/Harm" and "Fairness/Cheating", than on relational foundations of "Loyalty/Betrayal", "Authority/Subversion" or "Sanctity/Degradation", which are typically more valued by traditionally oriented or conservative individuals. Comparison of the two measurement time points indicated that scores on traditional foundations significantly decreased, while liberal values increased. These changes were triangulated and confirmed by the results on the Key Social Issues Scale. Conclusion: This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study which analysed the changes in the moral foundations structure after a major political scandal, implicating that negative political events may decrease the expression of moral foundations related to the values which are nurtured by a political party involved in the scandal.

Ninguna producción de conocimiento acontece olvidando una metodología que privilegie los individuos involucrados en su contexto y su cultura. Todo el conocimiento que hace sentido para los sujetos que lo produce surge de problemas y situaciones locales que desafían los individuos no como personas universales y abstractas, pero como individuos que construyen sus identidades en el ambiente socioeconómico, político e ideológico en que están insertados. Fue lo que aconteció en mis experiencias en las aulas de Educación Rural, las cuales presentamos en este artículo. ; No production of knowledge occurs forgetting a methodology that favors individuals involved in its context and culture. All knowledge that makes sense for the subjects who produce comes from local problems and situations that challenge individuals not as universal and abstract people, but as individuals construct their identities in the socioeconomic, political and ideological environment in which they are inserted. It was what happened on my experiences in the classrooms of Rural Education, which we present in this article.

Ninguna producción de conocimiento acontece olvidando una metodología que privilegie los individuos involucrados en su contexto y su cultura. Todo el conocimiento que hace sentido para los sujetos que lo produce surge de problemas y situaciones locales que desafían los individuos no como personas universales y abstractas, pero como individuos que construyen sus identidades en el ambiente socioeconómico, político e ideológico en que están insertados. Fue lo que aconteció en mis experiencias en las aulas de Educación Rural, las cuales presentamos en este artículo. ; No production of knowledge occurs forgetting a methodology that favors individuals involved in its context and culture. All knowledge that makes sense for the subjects who produce comes from local problems and situations that challenge individuals not as universal and abstract people, but as individuals construct their identities in the socioeconomic, political and ideological environment in which they are inserted. It was what happened on my experiences in the classrooms of Rural Education, which we present in this article.

Multinational corporations (MNCs) and other foreign firms can be conduits for technology and knowledge (T&K) transfer to host countries in the developing world. Most of the existing research focuses on T&K transfers through FDI and are drawn from Asia not Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), although SSA is increasingly receiving foreign investment. There is a paucity of research that gives insights into project-level T&K transfer issues in SSA countries. Using the Ghanaian construction industry as an empirical focus, this article explores T&K transfer potential. The findings reveal significant weaknesses in T&K transfer across industry subsectors and between foreign and local firms. This arises from the potentially complementary but dissimilar resource and knowledge bases. The weaknesses are compounded by the absence of coherent government T&K development policies

Academic and business interest in sustainability and green practice has grown up considerably in recent years. Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation are the two most researched issues in the SME sector. Instead, the business has proven a direct and indirect effect on our mother nature, which is not in favour of the environment. Even the SME sector and environmental issues are very closely related to upcoming challenges and opportunities for Bangladesh. So depending on previous studies, this paper presented a way of the better environmental performance of the SME sector that is positively influenced by green entrepreneurial orientation. Side of that, this paper also focused on the mediating effect of green market orientation. The main purpose of this paper can divide into two categories. One is a details literature view on the topics, and another is a conceptual framework for this research field. This study provides insights and suggestions from previous researches for government and a related organization, including business firms of the SME sector. The study also covers the significant outlines and reviews in this field. Further, it explores specific features of green practices in SME as well as limitations of present research; but it helps to stimulate further study.

Information processing & policy making, in any kind of institution, involve the making of comparisons. For information processing, the comparisons are among bits of data; for policy making, the comparisons are among alternative options. Illustrations from a wide range of institutions are used to examine how hierarchies structure the making of comparisons. 3 Figures, 41 References. Adapted from the source document.

У статті зроблено спробу розкрити та проаналізувати еволюцію поглядів українських та зарубіжних науковців стосовно поширення феномену споживацтва, узагальнюються різні підходи до вивчення цієї проблеми від часів середньовіччя до сьогодення. Виявлено особливості гносеологічного і онтологічного розуміння суспільства споживання, а також розкрито суспільні мотиви сучасного споживання. Обґрунтовується позиція, що теорія суспільства споживання має ряд як переваг так і недоліків. Доведено, що суспільство споживання є об'єктом дослідження у царині багатьох наук – економічних, політичних, соціологічних, управлінських, що потребує комплексного та міждисциплінарного його осмислення. ; The article is about the attempt to discover and analyze the evolution of views of Ukrainian and foreign philosophers and scientists about disseminate of the consumerism phenomenon. Also it generalizes the various approaches to the research of this prolem from the Middle Ages to the present time. It gives the reader some information on the peculiarities of epistemological and ontological understanding of consumer society and also the author of the article reveals the social motives of modern consumption. It substantiates the position to the theory of consumer society has a number of advantages and disadvantages. It is proved that the consumer society is the object of research in the realm of many science - economic, political, social, administrative, and it requires its complex and interdisciplinary comprehension.