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As political scientists, many of us encourage our students to get
involved in community activities and local politics; and in fact
many of our political science colleagues have run for state and
local (and, less frequently, national) office. While the literature
on parties, elections, and voting behavior may help provide us with
some context when we (or our students) enter the political arena,
there is a striking dearth of literature on voting behavior (and
candidate behavior) in local elections. What Herson (1957) referred to as "the lost world of
municipal government" can still be so characterized today, though a
few recent studies have attempted to predict winners of municipal
races (for example, McGleneghan and Ragland 2002; Lieske 1989). This
article analyzes my own education in local politics, which resulted
from my candidacy for the Town Council of Cazenovia, New York in
November, 2005. I came to the experience of participating in a local
campaign with expectations shaped by my teaching and research in
American politics at the national level, and found that these
expectations often gave way to the specifics of context. Jennifer
Lawless, a political scientist running for Congress in 2006,
expressed this sentiment as: "Political science is all generalities.
Politics is all individual circumstances" (Fischer 2006).

Рассматривается миграция населения с точки зрения влияния на нее природно-климатических, демографических, этнических, социально-экономических, политических факторов. Показывается, что решение людей мигрировать основывается на совокупности многих факторов, среди которых основными являются экономические, демографические и политические ; The author considers people migration from the point of view of influence on it of such factors as climatic, demographic, ethnic, social and economic, political. The author comes to the conclusion that the decision of people to migrate is based on the complex of many factors. The author supposes that external labour force migration is influenced greatly by economic, demographic and political factors

In the following pages I look at literary representations of the literary market in the eighteenth century, focusing on conflicting ideas about writing for money. In many works relations between monetary interest, political dependence and artistic form enact the dilemmas of a commercialised society in the specific domain of literature. With the growth of the print market and the definition of literary property, the image of the professional author was opposed both to the commercial author and to the gentleman author. The economic independence that came with the privatisation of the imagination and with the commodification of writing was seen as an advantage of the new commercial society.

Three main points will be elaborated on in the following discussion. Firstly, the author would like to explain the chronology of the conflicts and at the same time reveal their intractable nature. Secondly, the author will analyze the cause of the conflict in terms of the security dilemma: whether the conflicts were triggered by real or assumed causes? Thirdly, the author will address the specific "Islamic" factor of the conflicts, which was denied by Southeast Asian governments as being among the features of the conflicts, and propose a more appropriate approach to it in order to reduce the intractability of the conflicts.DOI:10.15408/sdi.v13i2.567

This article responds to the current academic debate on the advantages of bilingualism to the children of immigrants in the United States. The author utilizes data from the 1992–1993 and 1995–1996 Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study to estimate the effects of bilingualism on educational outcomes. In contrast to a recent study, the author provides conclusive evidence that there are advantages to bilingualism beyond the functional ability to communicate with one's parents. The author also provides evidence that demonstrates that bilingualism is only advantageous in those communities with low levels of English proficiency and high levels of resources and networks.

In this article, the author argues that the illiberal context of the Cold War impacted the "storybook truth about American history" & the liberal tradition presented in Louis Hartz's The Liberal Tradition in America. The author interprets Hartz' work as a reaction to a pessimistic projection onto liberalism of undemocratic elements. The work is characterized as an example of Orren & Skowronecks institutional intercurrence reflecting tensions of pastlessness & historical moments, messianism & isolationism. The author concludes that as a post Cold War global state, a Hartzian rethinking & reworking of Americanism can use the mythology of pastlessness to advantage as the twentieth century disallows the dream state of American liberalism. J. Harwell

This article reviews a 2003 commentary to Carl Schmitt's concept of the political (multiple references). According to the author, Schmitt's death in 1985 made it possible for academics to review Schmitt's writings from a factual point of view, without paying as much attention as earlier to Schmitt's person & his views on National Socialism & Jews, among others. The cooperative commentary includes contributions from 15 authors, representing lawyers, philosophers, political scientists, & historians. Each author discusses one part of Schmitt's 1963 "The Concept of the Political" (multiple references). The author commends the commentary for demythologizing Schmitt's paper & positioning it in a contemporary historical & biographical context. References. A. Kallioinen

This essay examines the Trans-Atlantic slave trade with a particular focus on its legal, financial, and governmental aspects. The author argues that despite the brutal treatment that slaves endured, including death, the international community could not resist the economic possibilities of participation in the slave trade. In so arguing, the author discusses the historical beginnings of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, and the involvement of many nation-states in the implementation of guidelines, statutes, contracts, and treaties authorizing the unprecedented exploitation of African peoples. The author concludes that the exploitation of Africans through the Trans-Atlantic slave trade constituted an international crime against humanity.

In this reprint from Parameters (Winter, 2000), the author examines the history of the Unified Command Plan for Africa & suggests the Plan must be re-examined to account for increased US engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa. The author addresses the co-existing economic potential & marginalization of Africa as well as US involvement in African conflicts since the Cold War. Past US foreign policy toward the region is characterized as unstable & reactive, until the Clinton Administration developed a policy of substantial & direct involvement. The author concludes with a discussion of the importance of a well planned, well thought-out Africa policy,. J. Harwell

In presenting an overview of job burnout, the author discusses the pioneering research and current theories of the burnout construct, along with the history of the main burnout assessment—the Maslach Burnout Inventory (C. Maslach & S. E. Jackson, 1981). The author examines the exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy dimensions of burnout and the job—person fit framework of C. Maslach, W. B. Schaufeli, and M. P. Leiter (2001). The current literature pertaining to the 6 dimensions of burnout is examined. The author concludes that an understanding of the interaction between employee and his or her environment is critical for grasping the origin of burnout.

Author shows how the concept of the general will plays a central role in a certain type of liberal anti-totalitarian philosophy. Author confronts Talmon's & Berlin's criticism of the general will with Arendt's understanding of the French Revolution. Talmon & Berlin argue that the concept of the general will was responsible for the totalitarian character of the French Revolution. Author uses Arendt's comparison of the French & the American Revolution to ask a question: If the general will is intrinsically totalitarian does it mean that America is also totalitarian if one shows that for Madison & Hamilton the American constitution was the incarnation of the general will? 5 References. Adapted from the source document.

In a response to Vladimir Vujcic's earlier review of the author's (2003) book, Politicka i medijska kultura u Hrvatskoj (Political and Media Culture in Croatia), which charged that the author had trod on research that Vujcic himself was preparing in his own recently published Politicka tolerancija (Political Tolerance), & also failed fully to account for a conclusion that intolerance of fascists, Yugoslavists, communists, & Ustashe in contemporary Croatia is not indicative of a culture of political intolerance. In response, the author points out that much of his research was carried out in 1992-1993, & that the author himself acknowledged the difficulty of adequately defining "tolerance." In conclusion Vujcic is accused of sophistry. A. Siegel

The author discusses the Zedillo administration proposal for modernizing public administration. Was this proposal in effect novel & was it as important as it was made out to be? Was it boxed in by formal aspects, as similar programs in the past had been? The author points to the fact that modernization in this area was a commitment that became formalized in a program -- Promap -- & she discusses the two main issues that it addressed: the evaluation of public administration & career bureaucrats/civil service. The author compares the program's goals with its achievements & concludes that it was more successful in other aspects, not as important as these two. Adapted from the source document.