Search results

Seit 2004 wurden in sechs deutschen Bundesländern Gesetze zur Einrichtung von Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) erlassen. Im Jahr 2011 existieren 22 BIDs in verschiedenen deutschen Städten. Nach dem Konzept der BIDs werden privates Engagement und staatlicher Zwang verbunden, um die Attraktivität und Funktionsfähigkeit eines Stadtviertels zu stärken. Der Autor erstellt mit seiner Arbeit eine umfassende Charakterisierung dieser eigentümlichen Partnerschaft. Im ersten Teil wird die Rechtsgestalt eines BIDs und das Beziehungsgeflecht der Beteiligten beschrieben und analysiert. Der zweite Teil setzt sich mit der Stellung der BIDs im deutschen Verwaltungsrecht auseinander. Eine rechtssystematische Einordnung der einzelnen Elemente erfolgt, ebenso wie die Herstellung der Diskussionszusammenhänge, zu den Themen 'Städtebaurecht' und 'Public Private Partnership'. Im dritten Teil wird ein Verständnis der BIDs als Instrumente der kommunalen Governance herausgearbeitet. Die Entwicklung von Stadtvierteln stellt sich nicht mehr allein als hoheitlich-zentral gesteuerte Angelegenheit dar, sondern wird unter Einsatz verschiedener Koordinations-Modi von den Beteiligten partnerschaftlich erledigt

Building a sustainable system that goes beyond myopic interests and short-term policies is an arduous task for any school leader. In the U.S., our education system has been criticized for being too shallow in curriculum and unsustainable in the long run. In fact, a 2007 report by UNICEF concerning children's well-being in 22 countries ranked the U.K. and the U.S. at the bottom of the industrialized nations in the survey. Hargreaves (2007) laments that these two countries, in their single-minded pursuit of economic competitiveness and development at all costs, are destroying the planet, while "eating their young."

22 pages ; International audience ; The ongoing interpretation of Dupuit's conflict with the French liberal school on the question of justice consists of a simple opposition between public utility and natural rights. This paper aims to show that Dupuit's position is far more complex: justice is based on welfare - and thus on public utility - although natural rights are not excluded from his scheme. An understanding of Dupuit's concept requires a clarification of the differences between three notions - public interest, welfare and public utility - and, by the same token, of the factors linking each notion to the others.

22 pages ; International audience ; The ongoing interpretation of Dupuit's conflict with the French liberal school on the question of justice consists of a simple opposition between public utility and natural rights. This paper aims to show that Dupuit's position is far more complex: justice is based on welfare - and thus on public utility - although natural rights are not excluded from his scheme. An understanding of Dupuit's concept requires a clarification of the differences between three notions - public interest, welfare and public utility - and, by the same token, of the factors linking each notion to the others.

Starting with a preliminary survey of Lepidoptera species in March 1998 in the Hunstein Range of Papua New Guinea, a more intensive community-interactive research project was developed in collaboration with two national PNG government agencies and the University of Papua New Guinea. The first phase was carried out during October 2003 with an expedition to the west slope approach to Mt. Samsai, the highest peak (at 1525 m) in the remote Hunstein Range of southern East Sepik Province. More than 111 butterfly taxa were recorded during the 9-22 October 2003 expedition. Habitats and unusual taxa encountered are discussed and illustrated.

Previous literature modeling the demand for religion has identified socioeconomic factors, religious human capital and religious market structure as being the fundamental determinants of the level of participation in religious services and practices. Building on the existing literature, this study analyzes the effect of government regulation and intervention on religious activity. Using religion-related data as well as demographic and economic data from 22 Eastern European countries after the fall of Communism, the existence of any form of religious restrictions is found to reduce church attendance rates. Adapted from the source document.

We examine the role that an exogenous increase in household income due to a government transfer unrelated to household characteristics plays in children's long run outcomes. Children in affected households have higher levels of education in their young adulthood and a lower incidence of criminality for minor offenses. Effects differ by initial household poverty status. An additional $4000 per year for the poorest households increases educational attainment by one year at age 21 and reduces having ever committed a minor crime by 22% at ages 16−17. Our evidence suggests that improved parental quality is a likely mechanism for the change.

Malta is an archipelago (with three inhabited islands) in the Mediterranean Sea. According to the 2006 census, Malta has a population of just over 400 000 and is the eighth most densely populated country in the world (1272 persons/km(2)) and the most densely populated of the member states of the European Union (EU). The most densely populated town in Malta is Senglea, with 22 744 persons/km(2) (situated in the Southern Harbour Area). In comparison, Malta's sister island, Gozo, has a density of 422 persons/km(2). Over 92% of the population lives in urban areas.

In this paper we develop a macro‐model of stock prices that predicts that the growth rates in real stock prices and real dividends gravitate towards predictable constants in the long run, but fluctuate on approximately decennial frequencies due to movements in capital's income share. The model can be used to analyse the effects on stock prices of technology shocks, supply shocks, imperfections in the credit markets, change in taxes, and whether stocks are less risky in the long run than in the short run. Using macroeconomic data over 130 years for 22 OECD countries, the data give support for the model.

"Der Unterschied im Bruttoverdienst zwischen Frauen und Männern ist seit Jahren nahezu gleich groß. 2007 lag er bei durchschnittlich 22 Prozent für Vollzeit beschäftigte Frauen. Üblicherweise wird diese Lohnkluft durch Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern bezüglich ihrer Qualifikation, Berufswahl und Berufserfahrung erklärt; aber auch dadurch, dass Frauen häufiger Diskriminierungen durch den Arbeitgeber ausgesetzt sind. Doch es gibt noch einen weiteren Unterschied, der in Verbindung mit Einkommensdifferenzen gebracht werden kann: Männer arbeiten nach wie vor weniger im Haushalt als Frauen. Unter Vollzeit Beschäftigten verrichten Männer etwa eine Stunde weniger Hausarbeit pro Tag. Dadurch können Frauen insgesamt weniger Zeit und Energie in ihre Erwerbstätigkeit investieren. Tatsächlich zeigen Einkommensanalysen, dass die für häusliche Tätigkeiten wie Kochen, Putzen oder Waschen verwendete Zeit den individuellen Arbeitsverdienst negativ beeinflusst. Die ungleiche Verteilung von Hausarbeit zwischen den Geschlechtern trägt somit zur unterschiedlichen Entlohnung von Frauen und Männern auf dem Arbeitsmarkt bei." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku)

"Seit 2003 arbeitet das Center for Global Development (CGD) in Washington an dem Commitment to Development Index (CDI). Dieser Index für Entwicklungsförderung umfasst die wesentlichen Politikbereiche, in denen die Geberländer die Entwicklung der ärmeren Länder unterstützen und zu denen durchaus stabile Daten verfügbar sind: Entwicklungshilfe und Außenhandel, Investitionen, Migration, Umwelt, Sicherheit und Technologie. Im Zeitraum von 2003 bis 2008 führten die Niederlande und Skandinavien die Rangliste an, während Japan - obschon Hauptgeber Öffentlicher Entwicklungshilfe (ODA) - das Schlusslicht unter den 22 Ländern darstellte. Das Ranking wirft Fragen auf: Spiegelt der Index die Effektivität der Hilfe realistisch wider? Wie wirksam ist die Hilfe der führenden Geber? Nach welchen Kriterien wurde die Rangfolge festgelegt? Eine Neugewichtung der Bewertungskomponenten täte not. Würde sie erfolgen, dann, so die Tokyoter Foundation for Advanced Studies an International Development (FASID), würde sich die dargestellte Rangfolge erheblich, und gewiss zugunsten Japans, verändern." (Autorenreferat)

The Ethiopian Strategy Support Program (ESSP-II) Conference on "Accelerating Agricultural Development, Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia" was held at the Addis Ababa Hilton Hotel from October 22-24. This conference was organized to share current and ongoing research efforts of IFPRI – ESSP-II researchers and collaborating Ethiopian Institutions. Ato Newai Gebre-Ab (Chief Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister and Executive Director, EDRI) attended all three days of the conference, as did Wro. Samia (Director General of CSA) and other high level figures from a variety of government ministries. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2; ESSP II ; DSGD

Using a questionnaire and a sample of students and personnel managers we establish the existence of age discrimination in the hiring process in Germany and Norway. As expected, age discrimination is more prominent in Germany where the hiring probability of equally qualified applicants is reduced by about 22 percentage points due to an age differential of 14 years as opposed to only 12 percentage points in Norway. Within both countries the tendency to discriminate does not differ between students and personnel managers and does not depend on the age of the decision maker.

In the past decade, Special Operations Forces have attracted much public attention, and, in the United States, a significant academic literature has developed about them. By contrast, few scholars have analyzed 22 Special Air Service Regiment (SAS), Britain's prime Special Operations Forces unit. This is unfortunate. From a peripheral position during the cold war, the SAS has attained a central position in British defense posture. This article analyzes the rise of the SAS as an example of organizational transformation in the armed forces today. The SAS's new prominence may also illustrate the contemporary dynamics of military change more widely.

Zarifian est décédé le 22 février 2007. Par ses ouvrages, dont certains ont été bien accueillis par un public de non-spé-cialistes, il aura contribué à une large démocratisation du sujet psychopathologique et à une meilleure connaissance du système psychiatrique. Son parcours professionnel comme professeur, expert et chercheur, l'ayant mené au cœur de l'idéologie de ce dernier, il aura porté très loin la critique de celui-ci. Sa mise en cause épistémologique d'une recherche pseudo-scientifique l'a conduit à réfuter le concept même de maladie pour ce qui concerne son application dans le champ mental.