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Artigo publicado em revista científica internacional ; Family businesses are and have been vital in the European's socioeconomic contexts. Notwithstanding their relevance and growing interest in academy, as well as in the institutional rationale, the study of family businesses is still a field that lacks autonomy and finds itself embedded in ambiguities, paradoxes and inconsistencies. This lack of systematisation not only compromises the process of data collection and research but consequently a better understanding of this phenomenon. Our purpose here is to discuss the constructs of family firm and family business. Based on the assumption that family firms are usually conceptualised as owned, totally or partially, by members of a family and are potentially intergenerational systems, with a perimeter of variable geometry, but usually rooted in a location, we aim to distinguish between the constructs of family firm and family business. We do this by discussing the concept(s) of family and then move on to the family businesses. Methodologically we carried out a literature analysis or review, based on Bourdieu's (1972) "Theory of Practice", understood as an approach that aims to overcome dichotomies in social theory, such as micro/macro, material/symbolic, empirical/theoretical, objective/subjective, public/private, structure/agency, and focuses on the understanding the practical logic of everyday life and understand relations of power. Enabling us to overcome the ambiguities and paradoxes that academically and institutionally surround the use of these constructs – family firms and family business. Our findings allowed us to sustain that the family business emerges as conceptual "leap forward", i.e., the family firm becomes a family business when it becomes more strategically business-oriented. As an open system, the firm has a flow of inputs and outputs of members, which generate its unique configurations over time and potentiates intra and inter-clan conflicts and political and power struggles between family ...

This study investigates family social capital "stock and flow" processes defined by social capital access and use at the family‐firm nexus over time. We examined direction of effects in associations between family functional strength and business‐related tension moderated by firm continuation status using National Family Business Panel data, grounded in the Sustainable Family Business Theory (SFBT). Families continuing ownership experienced greater family functional continuity, which was associated with less business‐related tension over time. Families discontinuing ownership exhibited less functional continuity with a family and business disengagement pattern. Regarding bridging of family capital resources, differences were found in human, social, and financial capital that were associated with family functional strength and business‐related tension for each ownership group. For both groups, however, making family a priority over firm was associated with stronger family functionality. Contributions include theoretical and methodological distinctions between family capital stocks and flows and support for SFBT theoretical propositions.

One of the most significant challenges facing family businesses, and therefore the most studied, is how to successfully manage succession from one generation to the next. The purpose of this article is to allow the vast quantity of evidence and experience to be contextualised, and enable a better understanding of the challenges, the role the new generation plays, the probate process, the preparation of the successor and the importance of family harmony in family business successions. The paper points to the importance to develop new generation leaders as well as the need to carefully consider when to begin with the succession process. It also highlights that preparing the successor is an evolutionary process and that family harmony is critical to succeed in the process.

To add to the small, but growing, number of literature reviews of family interventions in health care, a systematic literature search of Family Systems Nursing intervention research resulted in the inclusion of 17 empirical research reports. Family Systems Nursing intervention research to date has primarily used qualitative methods and a few quasi-experimental designs using pre–post outcome measures. Families' responses to Family Systems Nursing interventions were categorized in this integrative review using the cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains of family functioning proposed by Wright and Leahey. Family response in the cognitive domain found improved understanding, capability, and enhanced coping. The affective response categories showed caring more about each other and the family, improved family emotional well-being, and improved individual emotional well-being. Finally, family responses in the behavioral domain comprised caring more for each other and the family, improvement in interactions within and outside family, and healthier individual behavior. These findings may guide the design of future family nursing intervention research and the selection of family outcome measures to examine the usefulness of Family Systems Nursing interventions. More intervention research using experimental and quasi-experimental designs is needed to strengthen the evidence for Family Systems Nursing practice.

Brazilian agriculture has grown enormously during the past three decades. An interesting aspect of this growth is the respective roles of family and non-family farming, and the seeming importance of this distinction to Brazilian agricultural policy, reflected in the existence of separate agencies in Federal Government with responsibility for each sector. The paper presents multivariate and spatial analyses examining the family and non-family farming sectors to try to quantify how different they actually are. It employs factor analysis to compare both sectors (family and non-family farming) by homogeneous micro-region in terms of productivity, degree of mechanization, intensity of labour use, and investment. The results show that both sectors are not structurally different to each other; both have been administrated according to the same broad agricultural policies, both are overwhelmingly market-oriented, and both tend to cleave to regional differences rather than being importantly different to each other.

Although more is known about how individuals within families make decisions and manage more discrete issues when a family member is dying, less is known about how families as a unit manage after the sudden death of a family member. The article discusses an investigation that was conducted to better understand how families respond to the life-threatening illness or injury and eventual death of a family member. The purpose of the study was to define Family Management Styles (FMSs) and determine distinctive characteristics of each FMS used by families after the death of a family member who had life-sustaining therapy withdrawn as a result of an unexpected, life-threatening illness or injury. Interviews are conducted with 8 families (22 family members) 1 to 2 years after the death of their family members. A modified typology of FMSs based on a directed analysis that was then inductively modified includes: progressing, accommodating, maintaining, struggling, and floundering. Understanding FMSs and how FMSs may change over time, reflecting the changing focus of family work, will further aid in the development of family-focused interventions as well as develop FMSs within the context of end of life.

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Theoretical Background -- 2.1 The Evolution of the Family Business Academic Field -- 2.2 The Definition of Family Firm -- 2.3 The Relevance of Family Businesses -- 3 Family Influence and Performance -- 3.1 Family Influence: F-PEC Dimensions -- 3.1.1 The Influence of the Family Through the Power Dimension -- 3.1.2 The Influence of the Family Through the Experience Dimension -- 3.1.3 The Influence of the Family Through the Culture Dimension -- 3.2 Family Firm Performance -- 3.2.1 The Relationship Between Ownership and Family Management: The Perspectives of Agency Theory and Stewardship Theory -- 3.2.1.1 The Agency Theory -- 3.2.1.2 The Stewardship Theory -- 3.2.2 Different Family Business Performance Dimensions -- 4 Research Hypotheses -- 4.1 Research Hypotheses Development -- 4.2 Theoretical Framework -- 5 Research Methodology -- 5.1 Sample -- 5.2 Data Collection -- 5.3 Variables -- 5.3.1 Dependent Variables: Economic and Noneconomic Performance -- 5.3.2 Independent Variables: Family Influence -- 5.3.2.1 Power Subscale -- 5.3.2.2 Experience Subscale -- 5.3.2.3 Culture Subscale -- 5.3.3 Mediating Variables: Stewardship Variables -- 5.3.4 Control Variables -- 5.4 Methods -- 6 Analyses and Discussion of Results -- 6.1 Characterization of the Sample -- 6.1.1 Location and Activity Sector -- 6.1.2 Firm Size -- 6.1.3 Ownership and Management Structure -- 6.1.4 Continuity and Leadership (Succession) -- 6.1.5 Profile of Respondents (Administrator/Manager) -- 6.2 Variable Measurement -- 6.2.1 Performance -- 6.2.2 Family Influence -- 6.2.3 Stewardship Behavior -- 6.3 Results of Multiple Linear Regression Models -- 6.3.1 Variables of the Regression Models -- 6.3.2 Validation of the Assumptions of Linear Regression Models.

Examines the rise to power of radical cleric Muqtada al-Sadr in Iraq following the defeat of Saddam Hussein. His militia, the Mahdi army, has resisted requests to decommission its weapons & participate in peace efforts; it continues to battle Coalition-Iraqi forces on multiple fronts. The mixture of family & fundamentalist religion in al-Sadr's movement is described, noting his attempts to incorporate the ethical role & traditional power of clerics in democratic procedures. K. Hyatt Stewart

This paper considers the challenges to social work students and their educators and to graduate social workers and their supervisors, of acquiring beginning-level confidence and competence in working with 'other people's families'. There is a review of important educational contributions to our understanding of the necessary and sufficient preparation for 'pure and applied' social work theory and practice with families. In this review, the writer describes the educational rationale for a 'Family of Origin' workshop which has been offered to social work students at the Universities of Sussex and Western Australia and to experienced practitioners in a Perth child and family welfare agency. Finally, the writer reflects on the intellectual and the emotional dimensions of knowing and doing in family-based practice – with particular reference to Family Group Conferencing.