The purpose of our article is to discuss the general situation regarding the use and teaching of foreign languages in Georgia, especially German Language. Knowing several foreign languages is a prerequisite for academic and social mobility, which is one of the main goals of the Bologna process. This problem is particularly important for a small country like Georgia, whose language is not spoken outside of the country. Knowing several foreign languages is a necessary condition to ensure that our graduates acquire knowledge relevant to western standards and become competitive on the international labor market. This is impossible if graduates only know English. Therefore, more students should have the opportunity to study foreign languages including the German. If Georgian Universities consider this trend, then they will be on the right path towards amultilingual Europe.
This Country Gender Assessment (CGA) provides empirical evidence and analyses equality between the women and men of Georgia. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012) to analyze recent progress and pending challenges in gender equity, across three key dimensions: (a) endowments, (b) economic opportunities, and (c) agency and Voice. Based on this framework, extensive research was conducted to identify available data sources and empirical evidence, on indicators such as poverty, health, education, perceptions, and wellbeing, among others affecting gender equity in Georgia. In addition to its intrinsic value, promoting gender equality is a central priority to reduce poverty, boost shared prosperity, and advance the aspirations of the middle class. Georgia's development challenges entail adjusting and refining the country's growth paradigm, and translating economic growth to more rapid, sustainable poverty reductions (World Bank 2018a). However, sustained growth, poverty reduction, and shared prosperity require that economic gains improve welfare among all communities, households, and individuals (World Bank 2019). Promoting women's economic opportunities, access to endowments, and voice and agency is fundamental in tackling some of Georgia's main policy challenges, including raising labor productivity, integrating with the global economy, and invigorating stagnant rural areas (World Bank 2018a). Moreover, the socioeconomic impacts derived from the COVID-19 pandemic present countries with an inflexion point, to either enhance gender equality and benefit from its long-term benefits, or to risk losing fundamental progress in gender issues, and forego development opportunities in the future.
The paper is devoted to the analysis of internal and foreign political processes in Georgia in 2015. This analytical chronicle is to trace and describe the most important tendencies in such fields as the contention between political parties, the balance within the ruling coalition and the relations with Georgia's key foreign partners. Though "Georgian Dream" (GD) government met the crisis and had to change premier by the end of the year, it managed to keep the leading position in domestic politics. The main opponent of the GD, the United National Movement (UNM) could not increase its influence. The Republican party of Georgia, the member of ruling coalition that has rather weak support from the voters, was able to strengthen its position in the government by getting some key offices. The expansion of cooperation with NATO does not bring near prospects of membership. Although every single measure the sides are taking seems to be insignificant, as a complex these measures can lead to a deeper involvement of NATO and USA in the South Caucasus. The relations with European Union are inertial and strongly overestimated in Georgian internal politics. The relations with Russia are routinized; both sides acknowledge the achievements of the normalization and do not expect any breakthrough.
Since 1993, after the collapse of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Georgia began to build bilateral relations. Geographic farness, weak economic contacts did not contribute to the expansion of bilateral cooperation between the parties. The author emphasizes that the Czech Republic from the very beginning has been supporting Georgia's territorial integrity, standing for official Tbilisi in its conflict with Abkhazia and South Ossetia. This topic has not found wide coverage in modern scientific literature, so the present research has significant practical importance. The article outlines the current situation in the South Caucasus, the policy of the European Union in the region and Georgia's integration into the world economic and political space. In 2008, the EU and its individual members intensified their policy in the field of expanding cooperation with the states of the South Caucasus, including Georgia, which has significantly advanced towards building a civil society. The Czech Republic, taking an interest in the uninterrupted supply of energy resources through the territory of Georgia, seeks to stabilize the situation inside the country and on its external borders. The author concludes that relations between the Czech Republic and Georgia are developing not only within the framework of expanding contacts between the EU and Tbilisi. The Czech Republic is becoming one of the leading European investors to Georgia, especially in energy, agriculture and tourism. The Czech Republic contributes to strengthening of the institutions of civil society in Georgia.
Under conditions of the emerging economy, together with the mobilization of the state income, it becomes increasingly important to rationalize the expenses. Under the market economy the government has to intervene in the market functioning in order to protect competitive mechanisms that ensure democratic choice. The regulations of the government includes the implementation of state economic policy, as well as addressing the issues that otherwise are impossible to be solved with self-regulating market mechanisms. The function of supervision the competition legislation is shifting to the judiciary and the special regulatory institutions, but the state procurement administration and anti-monopoly regulations still remain the prerogative of the executive body(the government). In the international practice the systems of the international procurement differs from each other, though they have common characteristics mainly regarding the general principles and applied methods. In addition, the level of procurement centralization and the administration quality varies from country to country. Also in each state there is at least one governmental body(in form of an agency, department, office, etc) that regulates and exercises the overall coordination of the procurement policy throughout the country. Generally this very body is responsible for the monitoring state procurement and administrating the signed contracts. In some countries additionally a special governmental office of public provision is made up that carries out the procurementof standard products and services through tenders on the basis of orders placed by state managing bodies and different organizations and then supply appropriate companies. As it turned out, the similar body is to be established in the near future in Georgia.In order to successfully introduce in Georgia the positive experience existing in the international procurement-management practice, it is equally important to have high quality law, also appropriate institutional infrastructure, the support from the authorities. In addition, it is essential to ensure the availability of the information necessary for public monitoring and the professionalism of the parties participating in the procurement process. In Georgia the law regulating the state procurement is mainly harmonized with internationalstandards, though some indirect related legal acts need further refinement. The experience of the international procurement proves that it is equally important to correctly plan the state procurement, as well as correctly organize the procurement procedures and sign fair contracts. In addition, it is important that obligations written in the contracts are fully implemented and public monitoring requires that the accountability system is strictly defined.
Bullying permeates U.S. schools. Students who are bullied because of their actual or perceived sexual orientation or gender expression report high rates of suicide (Kosciw, 2009). To address the problem, several states have enacted antibullying legislation. However, the violent deaths of several young males in public school make it apparent that these laws are not successful at ceasing homophobic bullying. Agreeing that such laws are currently and desperately needed, I also suggest there is a need to search for other ways of responding to the problem. One means of looking at the situation differently is to analyze our current antibullying laws using post-structural ethics (Braidotti, 2006; Bauman, 1993; Caputo, 1993; Deleuze & Guattari, 1980/1987). In this paper, I analyze antibullying legislation in the State of Georgia, where 11-year-old Jaheem Herrera's 2009 suicide has been attributed to homophobic bullying.
This book presents the outcomes of a review of legal and institutional frameworks for fighting corruption in Georgia, which was carried out in the framework of the Anti-Corruption Network for Transition Economies based at the OECD. The review examined national anti-corruption policy and institutions currently in place in Georgia, national anti-corruption legislation, and preventive measures to ensure the integrity of civil service and effective financial control. This publication contains the recommendations as well as the full text of the self-assessment report provided by the governmen
On the campus of the first state university founded in the Louisiana Purchase stands a granite obelisk which once marked the grave of Thomas Jefferson. Here, each year on the anniversary of his birth, April 13, the student body honors him as the author of the Declaration of Independence, and for his inspired leadership in the purchase of the Territory of Louisiana which fixed the destiny of this nation as a world power. Perhaps the greatest tribute paid him at these ceremonies is the realization, through the student body, as through such groups in all land-grant colleges, of his dream of a state-supported institution whose purpose it is to educate. for democracy. Thomas Jefferson's vision of education for democracy was brought to fruition in the Morrill Act of I862 which made possible the democratization of higher education by its provision for a system of scientific, technical, and practical education permanently endowed through grants of public land. The University of Missouri became the first land-grant college west of the Mississippi, February 11, I870. ; The Jefferson monument at the University of Missouri / William Peden -- Jefferson's vision realized in the purchase of Louisiana / Frank F. Stephens -- Missouri founds the first state university in Louisiana Territory / Fred C. Robins.
Presented at a workshop entitled "Stepping toward the future: marketing environmental services on working lands of the American West" on May 23-25, 2011 on the CSU campus. The purpose of the workshop was to bring together regional and national leaders from the ranching community, conservation organizations, businesses, universities, and government to explore ways to catalyze the development of payments for ecosystem services in Colorado and across the American West. Over 80 participants attended the conference, which also highlighted the CCC's work to create an ecosystem marketplace in northern Colorado. ; Includes recorded video presentation. ; In Panel discussion #4, a diverse set of businesses, project developers and academics discuss why businesses should become involved in ecosystem markets, but also issues that face businesses regarding participating in such markets. Moderated by Stephanie Gripne from the University of Colorado. ; In this video is Sue Lurie from Oregon State University.
The goal of this paper is to review the development prospects of stock market in Georgia. The change of economic system in Central and Eastern Europe in 1990s resulted in rapid economic growth. This led to the rise of various financial institutions, especially the development of stock markets. The existence of stock markets in the developing countries is associated with the establishment of free market system and democracy. Therefore, developed countries attach significant importance to the development of stock markets in third countries.Influence of internal and external factors on Stock market development in third countries is reviewed in this paper. External factors include the establishment of successful economic models through international financial institutions, financial aid, and sharing of best practices in the field. Internal factors include the impacts of sustainable banking systems, pension funds, and insurance companies on stock market operation in developing countries
This article aims to analyze the existing model of state funding of religious organizations in Georgia, taking into account its assumptions and nature and focusing on the problem of the preferential treatment of some religious organizations (especially the Georgian Orthodox Church). First, the key assumptions of funding religious organizations from public sources in Georgia are presented. Then, the article discusses the relevant case law of the Constitutional Court of Georgia. Finally, the challenges of the current model are identified, and some suggestions for the desirable changes in the system are made accordingly. It is argued that the future solutions in this area should respect the principle of secular state. The article concludes by indicating some possible European models that could be followed by the Georgian legislator. ; Niniejszy artykuł analizuje obecny model państwowego finansowania związków wyznaniowych w Gruzji, biorąc pod uwagę jego założenia oraz naturę i koncentrując się na problemie uprzywilejowanego traktowania niektórych związków wyznaniowych (w szczególności Gruzińskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego). Jako pierwsze zaprezentowano kluczowe założenia finansowania związków wyznaniowych ze środków publicznych w Gruzji. Następnie artykuł przybliża orzecznictwo gruzińskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego odnoszące się do omawianych kwestii. Na koniec wskazano wady obecnego modelu oraz zaproponowano kierunki pożądanych zmian w systemie finansowania związków wyznaniowych. Autor argumentuje, że przyszłe rozwiązania w tym zakresie powinny w większym stopniu uwzględniać zasadę świeckości państwa. Artykuł wieńczy wskazanie możliwych wzorców europejskich, do których powinien odnieść się gruziński ustawodawca.
This article aims to analyze the existing model of state funding of religious organizations in Georgia, taking into account its assumptions and nature and focusing on the problem of the preferential treatment of some religious organizations (especially the Georgian Orthodox Church). First, the key assumptions of funding religious organizations from public sources in Georgia are presented. Then, the article discusses the relevant case law of the Constitutional Court of Georgia. Finally, the challenges of the current model are identified, and some suggestions for the desirable changes in the system are made accordingly. It is argued that the future solutions in this area should respect the principle of secular state. The article concludes by indicating some possible European models that could be followed by the Georgian legislator. ; Niniejszy artykuł analizuje obecny model państwowego finansowania związków wyznaniowych w Gruzji, biorąc pod uwagę jego założenia oraz naturę i koncentrując się na problemie uprzywilejowanego traktowania niektórych związków wyznaniowych (w szczególności Gruzińskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego). Jako pierwsze zaprezentowano kluczowe założenia finansowania związków wyznaniowych ze środków publicznych w Gruzji. Następnie artykuł przybliża orzecznictwo gruzińskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego odnoszące się do omawianych kwestii. Na koniec wskazano wady obecnego modelu oraz zaproponowano kierunki pożądanych zmian w systemie finansowania związków wyznaniowych. Autor argumentuje, że przyszłe rozwiązania w tym zakresie powinny w większym stopniu uwzględniać zasadę świeckości państwa. Artykuł wieńczy wskazanie możliwych wzorców europejskich, do których powinien odnieść się gruziński ustawodawca.
