Suchergebnisse

I. Civilization and modernization: As we understand them. 1. Human civilization and world modernization / Chuanqi He -- 2. The civilizational approach to modernization in contemporary China / Nelly Motroshilova -- 3. Cultural dynamics in the post-Soviet countries: Problems of modernization and preservation of civilizational specificity (example of Russia) / N.E. Tikhonova, S.V. Goryacheva -- 4. Modernization and globalization / N.N. Fedotova -- 5. Modernization in Russia: Ideology and composition of the project / Alexander Rubtsov -- 6. The evolution of the concept of modernization, its specificities in various country groups throughout the world / Valentina Fedotova -- 7. Principles and methods of modernization science / Chuanqi He -- 8. Modernization indices developed by China Centre for Modernization Research, in a global family of development indicators: Publishers' point of view / Oleg Zimarin -- 9. Science & technology and modernization / Jing Jin -- 10. Modernization in the context of the development of the science and technology / Vitaly G. Gorokhov -- 11. A bibliometric analysis of modernization studies (1900-2010) / Qing Ye, Nan Ouyang, Shuyao Wu -- 12. Russia and China in DBs web of knowledge: Bibliometric analysis of publications on modernization / Irina Marshakova-Shaikevich -- II. Global and regional modernization. 13. Regional modernization in the world / Chuanqi He -- 14. Stages, levels and phases of modernization in the Russian regions. Modernization types and clusters / N.I. Lapin -- 15. China's contribution to measurement of modernization / Tamara Orlova -- 16. Social and cultural measurements of regional modernization / Liudmila Belyaeva -- 17. On measurement of modernization stages (by the example of the Tyumen region) / A.N. Tarasova -- 18. Resources and constraints of modernization in the regions of north-western federal district / Aleksandra Shabunova and Marija Lastochkina -- 19. The summation of development of the region in the context involvement in modernization processes / Evgenija Kogay -- 20. Norms and conditions of labor in Russian and Chinese Societies: The case of S. Petersburg and Shanghai / Michail Chernysh -- 21. World modernization outline: 1700-2100 / Chuanqi He -- III. Summing up the conference and the program. 22. Memorandum of the participants of the Russian-Chinese scientific conference "Civilization and Modernization" 23. Protocol of cooperation between the Centre for Study of Social and Cultural Change, Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences and the Centre for Modernization Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences -- 24. Programme of the Chinese-Russian Conference "Civilization and Modernization".

"While phenomenology and Yogacara Buddhism are both known for their investigations of consciousness, there exists a core tension between them: phenomenology affirms the existence of essence, whereas Yogacara Buddhism argues that everything is empty of essence (svabhava). How is constructive cultural exchange possible when traditions hold such contradictory views? Answering this question and positioning both philosophical traditions in their respective intellectual and linguistic contexts, Jingjing Li argues that what Edmund Husserl means by essence differs from what Chinese Yogacarins mean by svabhava, partly because Husserl problematises the substantialist understanding of essence in European philosophy. Furthermore, she reveals that Chinese Yogacara has developed an account of self-transformation, ethics and social ontology that renders it much more than simply a Buddhist version of Husserlian phenomenology. Detailing the process of finding a middle ground between the two traditions, this book demonstrates how both can survive and thrive together in order to overcome Orientalism."--

Introduction -- The Rise of the Ideological Trend of Updating the Legal System and Laws before and after the Opium War -- The Input of the Western Legal Culture and the Updating of Chinese Settled Legal Ideas (1840-1870s) -- "Chinese-style Westernization ": the Legal System during the Period of the Westernization Movement -- The Sprouting of the Constitutional Thoughts and the Constitutional Reform and Modernization (the second half of the 1800s - the late 1800s) -- The preparation for Constitutionalism in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Constitution -- The Emergence of the Contemporary Chinese Legal Civilization: the Modification of the Law during the Late Qing Dynasty -- A New Chapter in Chinese Criminal Law Civilization-- Criminal Law of the Great Qing Dynasty -- The Draft Civil Law of the Great Qing Dynasty Integrating with the Western Civil Law -- The Commercial Legislation Changing from restraining Business to Protecting Business -- The Reforms Ushering in the Judicial Civilization -- The National Program of Building a Democratic Republic and the New Epoch of Chinese Legal Civilization -- The Development and Devastation of Modern Chinese Legal Civilization during the Beijing Government Period (1912-1928) -- The Book of the Six Laws of Nanjing national government (1928-1949) -- Facilitating Chinese Legal Civilization during the New Democracy Period: building the Legal System of the Base Areas -- Contemporary Chinese Civilization (1949 - present) -- Introduction -- The Groundwork for the New Chinese Legal Civilization -- Constructing the Socialist Legal Civilization with Chinese Characteristics (1st) -- Constructing the Socialist Legal Civilization with Chinese Characteristics (2nd) -- The Historical Experience in Building the Socialist Legal System with Chinese Characteristics.

Recognizing the fact that comprehension, analysis and transmission of reality are based on diversely structured socio-political contexts as well as on different categorical and essential postulates, offers a prospect of enrichment. Thus, this article presents an analysis and interpretation of one of the first Chinese theoreticians, working in the field of intercultural methodology. Although Zhang Dongsun (1886–1973) can be considered as one of the leading Chinese philosophers of the 20th Century, his criticism of Sinicized Marxist ideologies marked him as a political dissident and he was consequently consigned to oblivion for several decades; only recently has his work been rediscovered by a number of younger Chinese theorists, who have shown a growing interest in his ideas. Although he is still relatively unknown in the West, Zhang definitely deserves to be recognized for his contributions to Chinese and comparative philosophy. The present article focuses on his extraordinary ability to introduce Western thought in a way which was compatible with the specific methodology of traditional Chinese thought. According to such presumptions, culture is viewed as an entity composed of a number of specific discourses and relations. The article shows how the interweaving and interdependence of these discourses form different cultural backgrounds, which manifest themselves in the specific, culturally determined structures of language and logic. It also explains the role of traditional elements in his cultural epistemology.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to learn the views of law, business and philosophy students in China on the ethics of tax evasion.Design/methodology/approachThis paper begins with a review of the literature and identifies the main issues and summarizes the three main viewpoints that have emerged over the centuries. It then reports on the results of a survey of Chinese law, business and philosophy students who were asked their opinions on the ethics of tax evasion. The survey consisted of 15 statements, representing the 15 issues and three viewpoints that have emerged over the centuries. Participants were asked to signify the extent of their agreement with each statement by placing a number from 1 to 7 in the space provided. About 256 usable responses were received. The data were then analyzed to determine which of the three viewpoints was dominant among the sample population. The three groups were compared to determine whether their responses were different. Male scores were also compared to female scores to determine if the responses differed by gender.FindingsThere was widespread approval for tax evasion on ethical grounds, although some arguments to support tax evasion were stronger than others. Males and females were equally opposed to tax evasion. Business and economics students were more favorably disposed to tax evasion than were law and philosophy students.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was limited to students in just three majors in one Chinese city. Sampling students in other majors and in other Chinese cities might have yielded different results. Sampling Chinese business people, Chinese lawyers and accountants might have also yielded different results. No comparison based on age was made because the sample consisted of people from the same age group. Choosing a sample consisting of different ages might have revealed differences in opinion based on age.Practical implicationsIf the government of China wants to reduce the extent of tax evasion, the first step is to determine why people evade taxes. The second step is to take measures to remove the reasons why people evade taxes. The present study ranks the reasons why people think tax evasion is morally acceptable. Corruption, waste and unfairness were the three strongest reasons for justifying tax evasion. Thus, three things government can do to reduce the extent of tax evasion is to become less corrupt, less wasteful and less unfair. This study has widespread implications for other countries, since the same arguments have been used in the literature for the past 500 years to justify tax evasion. The findings for China might be applied to any number of other countries.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to rank the reasons that have traditionally been given to justify tax evasion for a city in central China and it is one of only a few to rank reasons justifying tax evasion for any country.

Abstract: In 'On Variations of the Classical Chinese Literary Genre terminchinesescript (Fu) in Literary History,' the authors analyze the representation of the classical Chinese literary genre Fu, or namely, rhapsode, in Chinese literary histories compiled in English.
A unique classical literary genre, Fu commonly appears in classical Chinese literature as well as in aesthetics and philosophy, thus constituting an important part in Chinese literature in all periods from ancient to contemporary. However, Fu falls outside the quartered-division of modern
western stylistics, so is bound to cause problems in the compilation of a literary history in the Anglophone literary culture, as is the case in Sinology. This paper argues that variations caused in the translation of the name Fu and its configuration set-up in the English context have resulted
in the under exploration of its full meanings in existing relevant studies, which necessitates future research for the sake of substantially changing the peripheral status of Chinese literature in the arena of world literature.

International audience ; This article offers a social and geographical network analysis of all attested works, authors, and practitioners in the mathematical sciences in China over the period of disunion and reunification from 311 to 618 CE. Inspired by Karine Chemla's (2009) efforts to distinguish "different mathematical cultures" within the extant corpus of suan 筭/算 procedure texts, the goal is to explore a viable framework within which to break down the history of Chinese mathematics along different, pluralistic lines. What I find is that this period is home to distinct regional networks working in isolation from one another, and that situating authors within these networks helps explain continuities and discontinuities in their technical writing. This is evidence of plurality, but one that is incommensurable with Chemla's "mathematical cultures," so I offer it as an alternative means to the same historiographical ends. In examining what our historical subjects said and did about this plurality of traditions, however, we realize that it was as aberrant to them as the political disunion of which it was a product—something to rectified by "unification" ( tongyi 統一), "integration" ( tong 通), and, where necessary, force.

International audience ; This article offers a social and geographical network analysis of all attested works, authors, and practitioners in the mathematical sciences in China over the period of disunion and reunification from 311 to 618 CE. Inspired by Karine Chemla's (2009) efforts to distinguish "different mathematical cultures" within the extant corpus of suan 筭/算 procedure texts, the goal is to explore a viable framework within which to break down the history of Chinese mathematics along different, pluralistic lines. What I find is that this period is home to distinct regional networks working in isolation from one another, and that situating authors within these networks helps explain continuities and discontinuities in their technical writing. This is evidence of plurality, but one that is incommensurable with Chemla's "mathematical cultures," so I offer it as an alternative means to the same historiographical ends. In examining what our historical subjects said and did about this plurality of traditions, however, we realize that it was as aberrant to them as the political disunion of which it was a product—something to rectified by "unification" ( tongyi 統一), "integration" ( tong 通), and, where necessary, force.

International audience ; This article offers a social and geographical network analysis of all attested works, authors, and practitioners in the mathematical sciences in China over the period of disunion and reunification from 311 to 618 CE. Inspired by Karine Chemla's (2009) efforts to distinguish "different mathematical cultures" within the extant corpus of suan 筭/算 procedure texts, the goal is to explore a viable framework within which to break down the history of Chinese mathematics along different, pluralistic lines. What I find is that this period is home to distinct regional networks working in isolation from one another, and that situating authors within these networks helps explain continuities and discontinuities in their technical writing. This is evidence of plurality, but one that is incommensurable with Chemla's "mathematical cultures," so I offer it as an alternative means to the same historiographical ends. In examining what our historical subjects said and did about this plurality of traditions, however, we realize that it was as aberrant to them as the political disunion of which it was a product—something to rectified by "unification" ( tongyi 統一), "integration" ( tong 通), and, where necessary, force.

International audience ; This article offers a social and geographical network analysis of all attested works, authors, and practitioners in the mathematical sciences in China over the period of disunion and reunification from 311 to 618 CE. Inspired by Karine Chemla's (2009) efforts to distinguish "different mathematical cultures" within the extant corpus of suan 筭/算 procedure texts, the goal is to explore a viable framework within which to break down the history of Chinese mathematics along different, pluralistic lines. What I find is that this period is home to distinct regional networks working in isolation from one another, and that situating authors within these networks helps explain continuities and discontinuities in their technical writing. This is evidence of plurality, but one that is incommensurable with Chemla's "mathematical cultures," so I offer it as an alternative means to the same historiographical ends. In examining what our historical subjects said and did about this plurality of traditions, however, we realize that it was as aberrant to them as the political disunion of which it was a product—something to rectified by "unification" ( tongyi 統一), "integration" ( tong 通), and, where necessary, force.

International audience ; This article offers a social and geographical network analysis of all attested works, authors, and practitioners in the mathematical sciences in China over the period of disunion and reunification from 311 to 618 CE. Inspired by Karine Chemla's (2009) efforts to distinguish "different mathematical cultures" within the extant corpus of suan 筭/算 procedure texts, the goal is to explore a viable framework within which to break down the history of Chinese mathematics along different, pluralistic lines. What I find is that this period is home to distinct regional networks working in isolation from one another, and that situating authors within these networks helps explain continuities and discontinuities in their technical writing. This is evidence of plurality, but one that is incommensurable with Chemla's "mathematical cultures," so I offer it as an alternative means to the same historiographical ends. In examining what our historical subjects said and did about this plurality of traditions, however, we realize that it was as aberrant to them as the political disunion of which it was a product—something to rectified by "unification" ( tongyi 統一), "integration" ( tong 通), and, where necessary, force.

"In this important body of theology, key writings from the Chinese house church movement have been compiled, translated, and made accessible to English speakers. This unique resource will be valuable to practical and political theologians and anyone interested in international relations, political philosophy, history, and intercultural studies"--

US officials often portray the Chinese government as having few, if any, ethical boundaries in its pursuit of power. This article argues China, like Western countries, has a rich tradition of constraining this pursuit that can impact the nation's policies. With a focus on the relationship between ways of war and ethics of war, it relies on traditional and contemporary scholarship from both the East and the West to highlight differences in how each military views the practical and ethical aspects of war and how these views can interact. Understanding the ethical logic available to one's adversaries will allow US leaders and planners to leverage China's behavior and optimally shape US policies and actions.