Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Table of Contents -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE - THE UNIVERSAL AGAINST THE MASSES -- PART ONE -- CHAPTER I-WHAT IS A FREE MAN? -- CHAPTER II-LOST LIBERTIES -- CHAPTER III-TECHNIQUES OF DEGRADATION -- CHAPTER IV-TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND SIN -- PART TWO -- CHAPTER I-THE PHILOSOPHER AND THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD -- CHAPTER II-THE FANATICIZED CONSCIOUSNESS -- CHAPTER III-THE SPIRIT OF ABSTRACTION, AS A FACTOR MAKING FOR WAR -- CHAPTER IV-THE CRISIS OF VALUES IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD -- CHAPTER V-THE DEGRADATION OF THE IDEA OF SERVICE, AND THE DEPERSONALIZATION OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS -- PART THREE -- CHAPTER I-PESSIMISM AND THE ESCHATOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS -- CHAPTER II-MAN AGAINST HISTORY -- CHAPTER III-THE REINTEGRATION OF HONOUR -- CONCLUSION - THE UNIVERSAL AGAINST THE MASSES (II).

Burma's leaders and the people themselves need to understand that people are the essential element for building a nation. Without contributions and cooperation from people, change cannot happen. For our country to develop, we need an informed and engaged citizenry. Citizens also need to have the skill, knowledge, and freedom to question those in power -- and to do so publicly, without fear. Adapted from the source document.

An introductory statement points out the cultural environment of compromise in `illiterate' or `primitive' as opposed to `literate' or modern societies. Primitive societies: (1) give more importance to kinship, (2) mingle unconnected depts of life ('primitive fusion'), (3) use PO in the form of ostracism as a `major deterrent' to misconduct, (4) are characterized by small communities of primary groups, & (5) express 'indifference to abstract justice,' being concerned with preserving the soc order. Principle sources of primitive internal soc dissension (examples are taken from various primitive cultures - Ifugao, Dogon, Yurok, Tallensi, Hop, Crow, Cheyenne - & soc therapeutic methods combating disturbance are described for each) are: (A) Witchcraft - rarely leads to compromise. 'Fear of witchcraft checks unethical behavior, thus functioning as an agency for soc control.' (B) Homicide - compromise was effected through conciliatory payments by the murderer's kin. In many cases there were related procedures of mediation & `accommodation.' (C) Property - compromise constituted 'restitution of objects misappropriated,' & in some cases added `penal payments.' (D) Insult to prestige. (E) Domestic relations, & (F) Ideological conflicts - are quite rare & result from soc change (many times introduced by contact with complex civilization). In conclusion, the `insistence on unanimity' is the important primitive control over dissension. Although 'they perceive only dimly the importance of a solidarity transcending that of the immediate kin, ' consensus ('surrender of individual claims & prerogatives') is the 'essence of compromise. (See also SA 2143-B0693 & -B0694). P. D. Montagna.

Ausgehend von zwei Möglichkeiten, die Civil Society zu zerstören (einerseits durch den Abbau sozialer Organisationen und Institutionen, andererseits durch die Aufhebung der Rechte des Volkes) wird in dem Beitrag nach dem Aufbau der Civil Society im Europa von heute gefragt: Wie kann eine Civil Society in Ländern geschaffen werden, wo sie vernichtet wurde oder noch nie bestanden hat? Wie gelang dies in Westdeutschland nach dem Krieg? Was geschah in Spanien nach Franco? Wie sind die Erfolgsaussichten in Polen oder Ungarn? Gibt es Gefährdungen der Civil Society in Westeuropa? Das Problem der Civil Society im Westen wird als ein soziales Problem identifiziert. Als ungleich komplizierter werden die Probleme der Übergangsprozesse beispielsweise in Osteuropa bezeichnet. Die Analysen führen zu dem Ergebnis, daß eine freiheitliche Verfassung sich nur dann am Leben erhalten kann, wenn die Demokratie fest in einer Civil Society verankert ist, wobei Civil Society mehr ist als das in der Verfassung enthaltene Versprechen staatsbürgerlicher Rechte. (ICA)