Suchergebnisse

"Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung stehen die Voraussetzungen, Inhalte und Folgen von Umweltinnovationen in der kommunaler Verkehrspolitik. Ausgehend von der Beobachtung, daß eine grundlegende 'Ökologisierung' städtischer Verkehrspolitik in den meisten europäischen Städten bislang nicht stattgefunden hat, wird angenommen, daß die Gründe dafür weniger im Fehlen adäquater Verkehrskonzepte, sondern vor allem im Bereich des politischen Wollens und Könnens zu suchen sind. In der kritischen Verkehrswissenschaft werden jedoch einige Städte diskutiert, die als Vorreiter gelten, weil dort umweltorientierte Verkehrskonzepte über längere Zeiträume umgesetzt werden konnten. Diese Ausnahmeerscheinungen bzw. 'relativen Erfolgsfälle' bilden den Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung. Am Beispiel von Amsterdam, Groningen, Zürich und Freiburg i.Br. wird danach gefragt, wie ein umweltorientierter Verkehrspolitikwandel realisiert werden konnte (Policy-Input), wie ökologisch bzw. integriert die umweltorientierte Verkehrspolitik ist (Policy-Output) und inwiefern diese im Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der Verkehrs- und Umweltbelastungen einen Unterschied macht (Policy-Impact). Es wird ein 3-Phasen-Modell erarbeitet, das die Systematisierung von politischen Innovationsprozessen der kommmunalen Verkehrspolitik ermöglicht, indem es bestimmte Ablaufmuster unterstellt und die Relevanz spezifischer Einflußfaktoren hervorhebt. Die Studie kommt zum Schluß, daß ein umweltorientierter Wandel der kommunalen Verkehrspolitik zwar voraussetzungsvoll, aber grundsätzlich möglich ist. Kommunen können sich sowohl in der Schweiz, in den Niederlanden und in Deutschland für wachstums- oder umweltorientierte Pfade der Verkehrsgestaltung entscheiden. Auch unter derzeitigen Rahmenbedingungen ist die Verkehrsentwicklung in Städten damit innerhalb einer beachtlichen Bandbreite steuerbar." (Autorenreferat)

Reducing corruption has been one major challenge facing government and policy makers in Nigeria. This study employs the ARDL, CCR and FMOLS methods to assess the determinants of corruption in Nigeria over the period 1984–2016. The result of the cointegration test indicates that corruption and its determinants (economic development, political rights, military expenditure, rents, civil liberties and openness) have a long-run relationship. The results of the ARDL, CCR and FMOLS estimation demonstrate that economic development, political rights, military expenditure, rents, civil liberties and openness, are the main determinants of corruption in the long-run. Higher-economic development, greater civil liberties, more openness and higher military expenditure are related to lower corruption, but higher rents and political rights are associated with higher corruption. Based on these outcomes, this study recommends policies to promote economic development, civil liberties, political rights and openness, including reducing the reliance on the oil sector to curb corruption in Nigeria.

The term 'AI' is not a new term but the actual meaning of ai is still hidden. Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create machines which are as intelligent as human beings. AI mainly focus on some questions like knowledge required while thinking, the way knowledge can be presented and the way knowledge can be used in other field's viz. Robotics. Scope of AI is much wider than our thinking. It is not limited to only one or two areas rather in coming future everything will be directly or indirectly linked to AI. Much research has been done on artificial intelligence which has shown that by the end of 2020 many works which was not possible by human beings will be efficiently and accurately can be carried out by the help of robots. Robotics is a branch of engineering that deals with formation, designing, manufacturing, operation of robots. Artificial intelligence is being applied to many areas which are capable to solve many problems like in robotics, e-commerce, domestic chores, medical treatment, gaming, mathematics, military planning etc. The main idea behind the merging of artificial intelligence and robotics is to optimize the level of autonomy through learning. In the coming future we can surely overcome the disadvantages of robots like misuse of it with the help of facial recognition. Or we can use AI in other fields like in cyber security to prevent the systems from being hacked. The applications of AI and how we can implement other applications in coming time are discussed adding to it how we can overcome the disadvantages of using robots in regular life are also discussed.

ECGC's primary objective is to promote country's exports by covering the risk of exports on credit by providing: Insurance cover to Indian exporters against non-realization of export proceeds due to commercial or political risks; and guarantee to banks and other financial institutions to enable them to extend credit facilities to exporters on liberal basis. The main objective of the study is that to study about the level of awareness of exporters towards various schemes availed by ECGC. A sample of 150 respondents and percentage analysis, factor analysis and one way Anova were used as statistical tools to analyse the data and the conclusion is that the customers are aware about the schemes provided by the ECGC and further seminars can be conducted to increase the level of awareness about the schemes provided by ECGC.