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"This paper approaches one of the faces of transposition into practice mechanism of inter-institutional cooperation, enforced thru the Social Service law, in October, 1938. The case of the Priesthood Society "Renaşterea", socio-professional society that united the active and retired priests and deacons from Oltenia, of which social activity interfered/intersected, mostly, with the activity of the new institution, can be considered a similar pattern also for the integration of other institutions and associations that activated prior to 1938 in the socio-cultural field. The analysis has in the centre the idea that the politic register of Carol II royal dictatorship was a reference point that should have been considered by all public institutions and organisations to operate. Based on the analysis of some archive documents (consisting in the reports of the "Renaşterea" Society, the correspondence between the representatives of the society and the administrative and cultural authorities), the two parts of the article highlights the organisational and functional complications the Social Service law caused to the "Renaşterea" Priesthood Society, and also the efforts of this socio-professional association to keep the continuity of its existence, and also the place earned over time within local communities. In this matter, the necessity of integration/connection of its activity with the newly formed institution appeared as a forced compromise solution, determined by the restrictive limits of the Carlist regime."

Applications of omics technologies in the postgenomics era swiftly expanded from rare monogenic disorders to multifactorial common complex diseases, pharmacogenomics, and personalized medicine. Already, there are signposts indicative of further omics technology investment in nutritional sciences (nutrigenomics), environmental health/ecology (ecogenomics), and agriculture (agrigenomics). Genotype-phenotype association studies are a centerpiece of translational research in omics science. Yet scientific and ethical standards and ways to assess and communicate risk information obtained from association studies have been neglected to date. This is a significant gap because association studies decisively influence which genetic loci become genetic tests in the clinic or products in the genetic test marketplace. A growing challenge concerns the interpretation of large overlap typically observed in distribution of quantitative traits in a genetic association study with a polygenic/multifactorial phenotype. To remedy the shortage of risk assessment and communication tools for association studies, this paper presents the concept of edge effect. That is, the shift in population edges of a multifactorial quantitative phenotype is a more sensitive measure (than population averages) to gauge the population level impact and by extension, policy significance of an omics marker. Empirical application of the edge effect concept is illustrated using an original analysis of warfarin pharmacogenomics and the VKORC1 genetic variation in a Brazilian population sample. These edge effect analyses are examined in relation to regulatory guidance development for association studies. We explain that omics science transcends the conventional laboratory bench space and includes a highly heterogeneous cast of stakeholders in society who have a plurality of interests that are often in conflict. Hence, communication of risk information in diagnostic medicine also demands attention to processes involved in production of knowledge and human values embedded in scientific practice, for example, why, how, by whom, and to what ends association studies are conducted, and standards are developed (or not). To ensure sustainability of omics innovations and forecast their trajectory, we need interventions to bridge the gap between omics laboratory and society. Appreciation of scholarship in history of omics science is one remedy to responsibly learn from the past to ensure a sustainable future in omics fields, both emerging (nutrigenomics, ecogenomics), and those that are more established (pharmacogenomics). Another measure to build public trust and sustainability of omics fields could be legislative initiatives to create a multidisciplinary oversight body, at arm's length from conflict of interests, to carry out independent, impartial, and transparent innovation analyses and prospective technology assessment.

"In der aktuell intensiv geführten Debatte zum bürgerschaftlichen Engagement kommt dem Ansatz des 'Dritten Sektors' und der Theorie des 'Sozialen Kapitals' eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Ziel des folgenden Beitrages ist es, die beiden Ansätze gegenüberzustellen und Gemeinsamkeiten wie Unterschiede herauszuarbeiten. Hierbei wird zunächst auf den Ansatz des Dritten Sektors eingegangen, die Dritte-Sektor-Organisation definiert und die Interdisziplinarität der Dritten-Sektor-Forschung herausgestellt. Daran anschließend wird gefragt, was man unter Sozialem Kapital versteht, und warum dieser Begriff von den Sozialwissenschaften derart positiv aufgenommen wurde. Abschließend wird die Frage nach der Beliebtheit der Theorie des Sozialen Kapitals im aktuellen politischen Diskurs aufgeworfen und die These vertreten, dass sich dieser Ansatz als kostenneutrales Vademecum gerade in Zeiten der Haushaltskonsolidierung anbietet. Bei der Bezeichnung Dritter Sektor handelt es sich um eine Bereichsbezeichnung oder genauer um ein heuristisches Modell. Danach dient der Dritte Sektor zur Bezeichnung eines gesellschaftlichen Bereichs, der durch die Sektoren Staat, Markt und Gemeinschaft bzw. Familie abgegrenzt wird. Aufgrund ihrer Handlungslogiken bereiten die diesem Bereich zugehörenden Organisationen Zuordnungsprobleme." (Autorenreferat)

"Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den Bedingungen und den Prozessen, die dazu führen, dass gering Qualifizierte eine von sozialer Ausgrenzung bedrohte Gruppe darstellen. Dazu werden spezifische Verengungen des vorherrschenden Diskurses diskutiert und in Frage gestellt. Der Beitrag bemüht sich des Weiteren um einen angemessenen Zugang zum Phänomen der 'Weiterbildungsabstinenz' von gering Qualifizierten, indem die soziale Dimension des (Weiter-) Bildungsprozesses und die Rolle der Weiterbildung insgesamt herausgearbeitet werden, und versucht die vorherrschende 'Defizitsichtweise' zu konterkarieren. Abschließend werden Ansatzpunkte für eine Verringerung der Gefahr sozialer Ausgrenzung von gering Qualifizierten skizziert, die über eine reine 'Qualifizierungsstrategie' hinausgehen." (Autorenreferat)

The article deals with the phenomenon of the information society in the context of non-violence. We analyze the individual's place in modern society. It is proved that it is the fundamental principle of non-violence as a political anthropology may warrant permission of contemporary socio-cultural crises. ; В статье рассматривается феномен информационного общества в контексте проблемы ненасилия. Анализируется место человека в современном обществе. Доказывается, что именно ненасилие как основополагающий принцип политической антропологии может служить основанием разрешения современных социокультурных кризисов. ; У статті розглядається феномен інформаційного суспільства в контексті проблеми ненасилля. Аналізується місце людини у сучасному суспільстві. Доводиться, що саме ненасилля як засадничий принцип політичної антропології може служити підставою розв'язання сучасних соціокультурних криз.

In this investigation we make an introduction of the precautionary principle, taking as a sociological framework la theory of risk society of Ulrich Beck. By this way, we develop important conceptual elements of this sociological theory that until now has been exposed in a few times for the doctrinary, some of them are the process of "cosmopolitization", the approach of the "end of the other" and "reflexive modernization". They reveal the politic potential of the risk of sociology of Beck. By this angle we approach in a panoramic way the precautionary principle with the purpose of settled which is the relation social-theoric with the risk society theory. ; En la presente investigación se realiza una introducción al principio de precaución, adoptando como marco sociológico la teoría de la sociedad del riesgo de Ulrich Beck. En esta línea, se desarrolla importantes elementos conceptuales de dicha teoría sociológica que, hasta el momento, han sido expuestos escasamente por la doctrina, tales como el proceso de "cosmopolitización", el planteamiento del "fin del otro" y la "modernización reflexiva"; los cuales revelan el potencial político de la sociología del riesgo de Beck. A partir de ahí, se aborda panorámicamente al principio de precaución con la finalidad de establecer cuál es su relación teórico-social con la teoría de la sociedad del riesgo.

In the context of information society, knowledge and constant desire to learn and improve are regarded as one of the most important skills of employees. Therefore, university studies compared with the secondary and primary education are considered to be the first step towards the future career as well as it may guarantee higher income in the future. However, although it is likely that university studies in conjunction with the selected field of studies in a certain extent can determine the future earnings of the acquired profession, a number of young people overestimate expectations concerning their future rewards.According to the research results, the article examines compensation's structural elements that influence the younger generation (Y and Z) employees' job selection, desired salary expectations and economic and non-monetary measure incentives application in the Lithuanian market. Considering the younger employees' future employment expectations, the article suggests some ideas for the development of human resources management policies in organisations.In order to find out Gen Y and Gen Z employees' compensation expectations, a quantitative research based on the questionnaire method was conducted. The research included 473 respondents from the Vilnius University Faculty of Economics including bachelor's and master's degree students from Economics, Management and Business Administration, and Business Information Systems study programs.Based on the empirical results, it was found that flexible working conditions that provide an opportunity for continuous improvement for Gen Y and Gen Z are more important than the salary level. ; Informacinėje visuomenėje žinios ir nuolatinis noras mokytis bei tobulėti vertintinas kaip vienas iš svarbiausių darbuotojų gebėjimų. Todėl universitetinės studijos yra laikomos pirmuoju žingsniu būsimos karjeros, taip pat ir didesnių pajamų garantijų ateityje link. Teigiama, kad aukštasis išsilavinimas suteikia pretendentui įsidarbinti gerokai aukštesnį statusą nei vidurinis ir pagrindinis išsilavinimas, kartu suteikdamas ir atlygio už darbą tikimybę. Vis dėlto, nors ir tikėtina, kad universitetinės studijos kartu su pasirinktos krypties studijomis iš dalies lemia ir būsimo uždarbio pagal įgytą profesiją galimybę, tačiau yra pastebima tendencija, kad dalis jaunimo (Y ir Z kartos) pervertina savo lūkesčius dėl būsimo atlygio už darbą. Remiantis anketinės apklausos tyrimo, kurį atliko straipsnio autoriai, rezultatais, nagrinėjami atlygio struktūros elementai, darantys įtaką jaunosios kartos (Y ir Z) darbuotojų darbovietės pasirinkimo rezultatui bei lūkesčiams dėl pageidaujamo darbo užmokesčio ir kitų tiek ekonominio turinio atlygio elementų, tiek nepiniginių skatinimo priemonių taikymo Lietuvos darbo rinkoje. Atsižvelgiant į jaunosios kartos (Y ir Z) darbuotojų būsimos darbinės veiklos lūkesčius, straipsnyje siūlomos organizacijų žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo politikos tobulinimo gairės. Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti Y ir Z kartų darbuotojų darbo atlygio lūkesčius bei atsižvelgiant į juos pasiūlyti organizacijų žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymo politikos tobulinimo priemones. Tikslui pasiekti buvo atliktas kiekybinis tyrimas, kurio metu buvo analizuojami 473-ijų Ekonomikos fakulteto Ekonomikos, Vadybos ir verslo administravimo ir Verslo informacijos sistemų bakalauro ir magistro studijų programų studentų apklausos rezultatai. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad vis dėlto darbo sąlygos, kurios suteikia galimybę nuolat tobulėti ir yra lanksčios, jaunimo (Y ir Z) kartų atstovams yra daug svarbesnės negu gautino darbo užmokesčio dydis.