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CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; With liberalisation, economic growth and stable macroeconomic conditions, companies from developing countries like India, have started investing abroad. Of late, Indian companies have diversified their investments and have shifted from markets within Asia to European markets. This paper examines Indian investment in Eastern Europe, barriers to investment and possibilities for enhancing it through appropriate policy measures. Eastern Europe is a new destination for Indian investment. The paper highlights that India and East European countries have complementarities. However, despite several initiatives, the present level of Indian investment in Eastern Europe is low and limited to a few countries and sectors. A majority of the Indian investments are directed towards Russia and most of these investments are made in the manufacturing and mining sector. Moreover, a large part of the investments is made by a few large Indian companies. Based on in-depth interviews, the study found that lack of market knowledge, poor governance structure, high level of corruption, non-transparent public procurement process and cumbersome customs procedures are some factors hindering Indian investments in the region. The study identifies various areas of investment and collaborations and suggests measures to remove the barriers to investment. While some of these can be addressed under the on-going India-EU Broadbased Trade and Investment Agreement, others require strengthening diplomatic ties, foster information sharing and domestic reforms in India and East European countries. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union.

Introduction -- Faith and fatherland through the eyes of clergy -- National socialism as a catalyst for German Protestant renewal? -- Pastoral appointments and the local church struggle -- Clerical responses to euthanasia and anti-semitism -- The church struggle in Nauen, Brandenburg -- The church struggle in Pirna, Saxony -- The church struggle in Ravensburg, Württemberg

Presents a diverse array of articles by an interdisciplinary group of scholars. This work covers political science, policy studies, and law. Divided into two parts - conflict, violence, and legal processes; and deciding cases, charting progress - it focuses on the sources of conflict and violence as well as law's response to both

ABSTRACT. Following the consequences of the global financial crises, transparency and efficiency conditions of a local economic system have become important remedies for restoring of financial markets. This study provides measure of transparency and efficiency with correlation to liquidity and volatility and is taking into account the stock price reaction of emerging financial stock markets of Eastern Europe area and Turkey. We find that observed countries don't fully answer the expected sign of transparency, liquidity and risk measure, which meets the innovation from previous works (Berglof, Pajuste, 2005). It raises doubts concerning functioning of legal basement in these countries and affects the decisions about investments. In line with previous research (Ivanov, Lomev and Bogdanova, 2012) our findings show that these countries don't prove to have certain transparency expectations, which could result in a limited access to market information and in a decrease of market efficiency.Keywords: Financial Crisis, Risk, Liquidity, Volatility, Emerging Market, Eastern Europe.JEL Classification : G010, G23, G24(ProQuest: . denotes formulae omitted.)IntroductionCountries with emerging markets are trying to rebuild their economies according to developed market models and are becoming more attractive for investing and trading. According to Miyajima and Shim (2014) the total amount of Asset Under Management (AUM) by the largest 500 AMCs doubled from $35 trillion in 2002 to almost $70 trillion in 2012, more specifically, after Leham Brothers, the total AUM of EME equity and bond dedicated funds increased from $900 billion in October 2007 to $1.4 trillion in May 2014. However, emerging markets of Eastern Europe experienced influences of financial crises dramatically. Injured by consequences of financial crises then others. According to ECB (2010) in Europe, the impact of the crisis varied across the countries (also varied the speed and the timing at which countries were affected) and coming from domestic demand, dependence from FDI, fiscal policy and external imbalances. Among the Eastern Europe countries, Poland has weathered the crisis relatively well, unlike the Baltic countries, Romania and Bulgaria.When talking about the GDP growth (annual %), all observed countries showed a sharp reduction of this index in 2009, especially Ukraine, Turkey, Romania and Lithuania. In the end of the second wave of financial crises (2012), such countries like Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania demonstrated the highest GDP growth among the observed group. However, there are negative meanings of GDP growth in Czech Republic and Hungary, while other countries reduced their GDP down to the minimum but still positive meaning. Moreover, it led to a limited role of local firms in the efficient resource allocation in these countries. It is worth of saying that Eastern European emerging markets are very young and weak, hence, they are still trying to reach a decent level of efficiency, which is a key factor for investor's decisions. Eastern European markets are well-known for their lack of transparency and high level of corruption. However, exactly better transparency increases investor's desire to work with a certain country.According to recent studies (Barth (2013), Francis and Huang (2009), Lang (2012), Jahanshad (2013)), transparency is meant to improve liquidity which in turn is crucial to deal with large quantities of securities very fast and with minimum costs. Moreover, timing of liquidity of Eastern European markets is very important due to possible illiquidity of stocks where they can become expensive to sell at the exact time suitable for investor. Liquidity uncertainty reflects in liquidity volatility, liquidity skewness, and extreme liquidity events which bring a negative image of a company and it reflects also on the whole local financial markets (Barth (2013), Lang (2011), Lang (2012)).We agree with previous studies (Ang, Ciccone (2000), Lin (2014), Millar (2005)), that transparency is a timely and reliable increase of certain information which is open for investors. …

"Studies on Chinese Modern History and Politics collects important research findings of China's social sciences studies conducted by the academics at East China Normal University (ECNU) in recent years. The book covers topics including the studies of Chen Xulu (a famous Chinese historian), the institutional advantage and governance efficiency in China, latest research on western political science, etc. This book is the seventh volume of the WSPC-ECNU Series on China. This Series showcases the significant contributions to scholarship in social sciences and humanities studies about China. It is jointly launched by World Scientific Publishing, the most reputable English academic publisher in Asia, and ECNU, a top University in China with a long history of exchanges with the international academic community"--

Labour in opposition promised much on constitutional reform and the refounding of British democracy on more pluralist lines but ministers have seemed much less committed to this agenda in government. In an autumn 2000 survey, public attitudes towards enacted constitutional changes (especially devolution and human rights) remain strongly supportive and are more liberal on key current issues (such as the treatment of asylum seekers) than most political elites suspect. There has been a regrowth of support for electoral reform although responses here are still sensitive to the wording used to describe reform proposals. Public trust in government recovered dramatically in the immediate aftermath of the 1997 election. But since mid-1998 this position has decayed once again and is as bad now as in the early 1990s. New forms of sleaze and spin issues have damaged Labour's standing and fuelled voters' scepticism about government in general. Citizens back more radical measures to democratise policy-making, ensure freedom of information and regulate political sleaze than Labour has yet introduced. The long-run legitimacy problems of the British polity have not been alleviated. (Parliamentary Affairs / FUB)

ABSTRACTChina's bilateral loans have been the subject of much controversy. Most recently, an influential paper by Horn, Reinhart and Trebesch claimed that a large proportion of Chinese overseas lending is 'hidden' and not reported to any of the institutions which monitor global financial flows. This article examines this proposition in relation to Central and Eastern Europe, through an analysis of official Chinese lending to four countries (Belarus, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Ukraine). It finds that the most recent estimates of emerging markets' and developing economies' debts to China tend to be exaggerated, at least with respect to Central and Eastern Europe, and so are claims of hidden loans. In line with trends elsewhere, in three of the four cases private capital market debts outweigh debts to China. Although a lack of centralized data sources makes it challenging to form a full picture of Chinese lending, there seems to be less secrecy involved than is often suggested. Concerns remain regarding the apparent readiness of Chinese creditors to finance projects of dubious viability, as well as related issues of waste, corruption and environmental impact.

ABSTRACTAll countries in Central and Eastern Europe require rapid and drastic restructuring of their public pension schemes for macro- and microeconomic reasons. While initial considerations were geared towards streamlining the unfunded scheme, reducing many distortions and making it financially sound, some transition economies initiated reform plans for a move from unfunded to funded retirement income provision. The paper reviews the need for reform and surveys the discussion and current plans before addressing three central open questions: How to structure the first and unfunded tier? How to finance the transition toward the second and funded tier? What are the minimum financial sector requirements before funded provisions can be initiated? The success of the current pension reform efforts in Central Europe will have an important bearing on developments throughout Europe. A failure in one transition economy caused by bad design, unprojected deficits, or insufficient financial market preparation could discredit a funded pension system in the whole region; a successful move towards an unfunded-funded multi-tier pension scheme in Eastern Europe could positively stimulate the discussion of pension reform in the European Union.

Small-scale privatisation (SSP) of shops, restaurants, and other consumer services was the first stage of the complex process of privatisation in Eastern Europe and the Russian Federation. It was a giant social and economic experiment to assess the demand for previously state-owned property and people's attitudes towards private ownership. It was also an in-depth examination verifying different techniques of privatisation. Recent experiences of SSP in Eastern European countries and the Russian Federation, although broadly publicised by the mass media, were barely analysed in a comparative perspective. Since the majority of the former communist economies are already undertaking full-scale privatisation, or at least elaborating the programs for it, the time has come for the analysis of experiences already accumulated during the first stage. This paper is one of the first serious attempts to focus on SSP from a comparative point of view. The authors have meticulously documented recent developments in SSP in the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, former Eastern Germany, Hungary, Poland, and the Russian Federation. This report examines the characteristics of each stage of the privatisation processes and compares them across the nations, beginning with the emergence of the idea of SSP, through legislation, and the rise of unexpected tensions during the implementation phase. The characteristic features of the newly privatised retail and service businesses are also reviewed.