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This article discusses the concept of democracy and the Islamic rule of law. Democracy is the supreme sovereignty of the people hands. On the other hand, Islam is considered to theocracy, the highest of power is God's sovereignty. Both are different, but that there is an idea that Islamology discourse ignores the contradictions between them, such as the concept of theo-democracy and concepts of Islam substantially. Both assume that Islam is relevant to democracy, such as tolerance, justice and equality. This ignores the formality of Islam, and does not emphasize a formal implementation of sharia. Islamic law (shari'a), can be implemented in a modern state, especially in Indonesia, by following the procedures in the legal system and modern law. The steps which being taken are the formulation, socialization and political stages.

Islamic presence in Spain has brought tremendous change, especially in social and science and culture. The development of Spanish civilization Islam is formed not just by the touch of the tradition of Arab-Islamic culture multicultural society is what ultimately bound together and form a high Islamic culture at that time. The development of science is also not out of tolerance and friendship offered Islam to the indigenous population that is resident Andalusia or Spain. Traversed a long history of Muslims in Spain it can be divided into six periods, but in this paper is defined only up to the third period, this period lasts from government Abd al-Rahman III title "An-Nasir" until the emergence of al-Mulk Tawaif (kings of the group). Development of Education in Spain, In order to disseminate knowledge further, Caliph Abd-ar-Rahman III tried pioneered by founding the University of Cordova as a center of science. The university is taking place in a mosque. Based on the literature that discusses the history of education and history of Islamic civilization outline of Islamic education in Spain is divided in two sections or levels, namely kuttab and higher education.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part I: Theoretical Studies -- 1 Islam and European Modernity in Historical Perspective: Towards a Cosmopolitan Perspective -- 2 Islam, Gender and Citizenship: Uneasy Encounters in Europe -- 3 Islam: Western Modes of Use and Abuse -- 4 Islam, Pluralism and Politics: What is the Effect of Globalisation? -- 5 Europeanisation and de-Europeanisation of Islam -- PART II: Case Studies -- 6 Islam and the European Union: Exploring the Issue of Discrimination -- 7 From Polish Muslims to Muslims in Poland: There and Back -- 8 Imagining Islam: European Encounters with the Muslim World through the Lens of German Textbooks -- 9 Teaching Integration in the Netherlands: Islam, Imams and the Secular Government -- 10 Institutionalising British and Italian Islam: Attitudes and Policies -- 11 The Transformation of Islamism and Changing Perceptions of Europe in Turkey.

This article will discuss the possibility to reformulate the Islamic political thought studies. As a part of both; Islamic Studies, and Political Studies, Islamic Political Thought has been dramatically improved with dialectical moves. The dialectical interaction between Islam as a doctrinal side, with politics which has been known as a more 'humanist' side has created some perplexed among the scholar. This article explains the ambiguity of the relation between Islam and Political Studies and offer a new formula to re-build the Islamic Political Thought Studies. The Authors tried to reformulate the Islamic Political Thought Studies with Reciprocal Integration, by using Ian Barbour's theory about the relation between science and religion, Thomas Kuhn's Theory about Normal Science, Keith Ward's theory about The Development of Religion, and Amin Abdullah's theory about integration-interconnection. This article use qualitative research method with descriptive analysis approach through the collection of related literature studies especially.

Musliminnen, die selbst entscheiden, wen sie lieben, werdem mit dem Tode bedroht; Muslime, die sich gegen eine arrangierte Ehe wehren, von ihrer Familie verstoßen. Sexualität im Islam ist von Verboten, Ängsten und Gewalt geprägt - mit fatalen Folgen für eine ganze Kultur. Seyran Ateş fordert eine sexuelle Revolution, denn eine freie Gesellschaft braucht eine freie, selbstbestimmte Lebensgestaltung. (Quelle: Text Verlagseinband / Verlag)