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Preliminary Material /David James Cantor and Jean-François Durieux -- Refuge from Inhumanity? Canvassing the Issues /Jean-François Durieux and David James Cantor -- The 'War Flaw' and Why It Matters /Hugo Storey -- Causation in International Protection from Armed Conflict /Hélène Lambert -- Expanding Refugee Protection through International Humanitarian Law: Driving on a Highway or Walking near the Edge of the Abyss? /Stéphane Jaquemet -- Persecution and the Nexus to a Refugee Convention Ground in Non-International Armed Conflict: Insights from Customary International Humanitarian Law /Vanessa Holzer -- Inclusion of Refugees from Armed Conflict: Combatants and Ex-combatants /Eric Fripp -- Exclusion is Not Just about Saying 'No': Taking Exclusion Seriously in Complex Conflicts /Geoff Gilbert -- The African War Refugee: Using ihl to Interpret the 1969 African Refugee Convention's Expanded Refugee Definition /Tamara Wood -- A Simple Solution to War Refugees? The Latin American Expanded Definition and its relationship to ihl /David James Cantor and Diana Trimiño Mora -- Revisiting the Civilian and Humanitarian Character of Refugee Camps /Maja Janmyr -- The (Mis)Use of International Humanitarian Law under Article 15(C) of the eu Qualification Directive /Céline Bauloz -- What Protection for Persons Fleeing Indiscriminate Violence? The Impact of the European Courts on the eu Subsidiary Protection Regime /Evangelia (Lilian) Tsourdi -- Of Autonomy, Autarky, Purposiveness and Fragmentation: The Relationship between eu Asylum Law and International Humanitarian Law /Violeta Moreno-Lax -- Laws of Unintended Consequence? Nationality, Allegiance and the Removal of Refugees during Wartime /David James Cantor -- The Scope of the Obligation Not to Return Fighters under the Law of Armed Conflict /Françoise J. Hampson -- Non-Refoulement between 'Common Article 1' and 'Common Article 3' /Reuven (Ruvi) Ziegler -- Protection against the Forced Return of War Refugees: An Interdisciplinary Consensus on Humanitarian Non-refoulement /Jennifer Moore -- Non-refoulement, Temporary Refuge, and the 'New' Asylum Seekers /Guy S. Goodwin-Gill -- Bibliography /David James Cantor and Jean-François Durieux -- Index /David James Cantor and Jean-François Durieux.

Rising powers often seek to reshape the world order, triggering confrontations with those who seek to defend the status quo. In recent years, as international institutions have grown in prevalence and influence, they have increasingly become central arenas for international contestation. Phillip Y. Lipscy examines how international institutions evolve as countries seek to renegotiate the international order. He offers a new theory of institutional change and explains why some institutions change flexibly while others successfully resist or fall to the wayside. The book uses a wealth of empirical evidence - quantitative and qualitative - to evaluate the theory from international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, European Union, League of Nations, United Nations, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, and Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. The book will be of particular interest to scholars interested in the historical and contemporary diplomacy of the United States, Japan, and China

The enforcement of the international dimension of the European Union's action is fundamentally bound to the assertion of its identity. Its recognition as a true international actor request that it shows its ability to influence international relations in accordance with its fundamentals elements. The framework of its institutional and material development must help to determine and project its identity essential features in the international system. The institutional development of the EU's international politic involves to reconcile its institutional, historic and politic duality. Within this context, the perspective of unify EU's external action leave its mark on the development of its external dimension. This process rest upon a work on identity identification and determination as for the picture European Union intend to project on international scene. Material execution of EU's international politic follows on from these fulfillments and confirms EU's success to impose its international existence. This execution emphasizes assertion of its identity singularity trough the way its nature is taking into consideration and through the model of international actor EU intends to become. In this context, EU's commitment to a model of a civilian actor in international relations is based on an identity determination work made in its internal framework. EU's affiliation to this model is merged with the search of a universal support to its international politics and is limited by the necessary preservation of its identity originality. ; Le renforcement de la dimension internationale de l'action de l'Union européenne est fondamentalement lié à l'exercice d'affirmation identitaire. La consécration de l'Union en tant que véritable acteur international exige qu'elle démontre sa capacité d'influencer les relations internationales conformément à ses éléments fondamentaux. Son développement institutionnel et matériel doit donc permettre de déterminer et de projeter les traits essentiels de son identité sur la scène internationale. Le développement institutionnel de la politique internationale de l'Union implique de concilier sa dualité juridique, historique et politique. L'évolution de la dimension externe de l'action de l'Union européenne est, en ce sens, marquée par la perspective d'unification de son action extérieure. Ce processus repose sur un effort d'identification et de détermination identitaire quant à l'image que l'Union entend projeter sur la scène internationale. L'exécution matérielle de la politique internationale de l'Union s'inscrit dans le prolongement de ces réalisations et confirme la réussite de l'Union européenne à faire accepter son existence au plan international. Elle met en relief l'affirmation de sa singularité identitaire dans la prise en compte de sa nature et dans le modèle d'acteur international qu'elle entend incarner. Dans ce cadre, son adhésion à un modèle d'acteur civil des relations internationales s'appuie sur le travail identitaire réalisé au plan interne. Son affiliation à ce modèle se confond avec la recherche d'une adhésion universelle à sa politique internationale et demeure limitée par la nécessaire sauvegarde de l'originalité identitaire de l'Union européenne.

Despite its widespread use in studies of domestic political institutions, the concept of "independence" has not been systematically applied to the study of international institutions. Most arguments regarding the ability of international organizations (IOs) to promote cooperation and mitigate conflict rely on the implicit assumption that such institutions possess some independence from states, and yet the field has failed to conceptualize—let alone measure—this institutional characteristic. Extracting insights from the theoretical literatures on both international and domestic institutions, the authors distill several design features that lend independence to political institutions and then generate coding rules for measuring the independence of IOs. Based on an original data set of regional integration arrangements, the authors then use regression analysis to test several propositions for explaining variation in IO independence, shedding light on some important theoretical and empirical puzzles in international relations.

Yakubu reviews 'Issues in International Relations and Nigeria's Foreign Policy' by Rufa'i A. Alkali.

This book contends that the right of access to justice (at national and international levels) constitutes a basic cornerstone of the international protection of human rights, and conforms a true right to the Law. It amounts, lato sensu, to the right to the realization of justice.

In 2014, Poland was the first Central and Eastern European (CEE) country to be included in the Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP) project. This article characterizes the Polish International Relations (IR) scholarly community and compares it with other IR scholarly communities throughout the world that also participated in the 2014 TRIP project. The 2014 TRIP survey, the Survey of International Relations Scholars (SIRS) asked Polish participants to identify: the strengths and weaknesses of the Polish IR discipline, influential Polish scholars and books published in Poland, and useful divergent study areas for practical policy purposes. Polish SIRS participants were also asked to share their research interests in both substantive areas and geographical regions, their opinions on economic and social issues, and their predictions concerning important developments in international policy. We concluded that while Polish scholars have much in common with their counterparts around the world, there are also significant differences. For example, Polish scholars identify themselves as more conservative than their international peers in social and ideological matters, more liberal in the economic sphere, and were more pessimistic about relations between the US and Russia in the near future.

The article is dedicated to identifying the key features of the influence of the religious factor on world politics in the light of the traditional science of international relations ignoring religion and defending the position on the separation of "secular" and "spiritual" in the studies of international relations.

Gegenstand der Arbeit sind internationale Untersuchungskommissionen. Seit den 1990er Jahren haben die Vereinten Nationen vermehrt solche Kommissionen eingesetzt, um in Situationen Tatsachen zu ermitteln und rechtliche Bewertungen anzustellen, in denen Verletzungen der Menschenrechte und des humanitären Völkerrechts zu besorgen waren. Das Konzept der internationalen Untersuchungskommission ist allerdings viel älter. Ein völkerrechtlicher Rahmen wurde solchen Kommissionen im Bereich der zwischenstaatlichen Streitbeilegung erstmals auf der ersten Friedenskonferenz in Den Haag im Jahr 1899 gegeben. Allen Ausprägungen internationaler Untersuchungskommissionen ist es gemein, dass sie Tatsachen in objektiver, unabhängiger und unparteiischer Weise ermitteln sollen. In der Arbeit werden daher vor allem das anwendbare Verfahrensrecht und die Verfahrenspraxis internationaler Untersuchungskommissionen betrachtet und analysiert. In die Betrachtung und die Analyse werden dabei einerseits Kommissionen einbezogen, die auf der Grundlage einer zwischenstaatlichen Vereinbarung errichtet wurden, andererseits Kommissionen im Kontext Internationaler Organisationen, namentlich des Völkerbundes und der Vereinten Nationen. / »International Commissions of Inquiry«: International commissions of inquiry are the subject of this treatise. Since the 1990s the United Nations have used such commissions increasingly to find facts and for legal assessment in situations in which violations of human rights and international humanitarian law are concerned. However, the concept of an international commission of inquiry is much older. Such commissions received an international legal framework for the first time at the 1899 peace conference at The Hague in the field of international dispute settlement. All types of international commissions of inquiry share a common feature: Their task is to find facts in an objective, independent and impartial manner. In the treatise, the applicable procedural law and procedural practice of such commissions are analyzed. The considerations are based on commissions which are formed by an agreement between states and commissions in the context of international organizations, namely the League of Nations and the United Nations.