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A growing percentage of state budgets has been focused on caring for individuals who receive long-term services and supports (LTSS). States have an important tool to reduce the costs of caring for individuals with LTSS, Medicaid Section 1915(c) waivers. Using logistic regression, whether and when a state decides to apply for a waiver during the years 1993–2014 is tested. Wealthier, larger states are more likely to apply for waivers, while previous waiver applications are related to fewer applications. The role of political polarization within the legislature has mixed results on whether a state decides to apply for a waiver.

ABSTRACT This article problematizes the place of critical literacies (CLs) in contemporary language education. In doing so, we ask: Where do we place critique within the curriculum in neoconservative times? What is left to teachers in their commitment to educate critical citizens? Do critical literacies suffice? To respond to these questions, we bring a set of contemporary snapshots, unveiling all the anguish brought up by the complex politics of "us" versus "them". Some understandings of CLs within the field are then reviewed, preparing the terrain for the reading of ourselves in relation to our theories and practices. To (in)conclude, we outline a few orientations which seek to relocate CLs beyond the dichotomic view of the micro versus macro as a formative strategy in dealing with our frustrations in such dark times.

In a strong authoritarian state, what mechanisms hold political elites accountable and contain the state's predatory tendencies? We examine China's Great Famine of 1958–1961 to understand the variation of predatory behaviors across Chinese provinces. By exploring the Chinese Communist Revolution history and probing into over four hundred biographies of political elites in the newly founded communist state, we first document the revolutionary legacies on state building particularly political power configurations at the provincial level. We then employ a generalized difference-in-differences design and find that local representation—the extent to which local cadres were represented in the provincial authorities—enhanced provincial leaders' accountability to the general public and thus was associated with lower mortality rates, whereas central connections—the political ties between provincial leaders and powerful political elites in the central state—reinforced the accountability to higher-level political leaders and were associated with higher mortality rates.