Suchergebnisse

"Im Vorfeld des Bundestagswahlkampfs scheinen sich die deutschen Parteien endgültig mit dem Internet als Kommunikations- und Beteiligungsumfeld angefreundet zu haben: quer durch die Parteienlandschaft wurden Online-Werkzeuge bei der Kandidatenauswahl, der Programmentwicklung und der inhaltlichen Schwerpunktsetzung im Wahlkampf genutzt. Ein Blick auf die inzwischen beinahe 20 Jahre zurück reichenden Erfahrungen politischer Parteien mit den unterschiedlichen Spielarten der Online-Kommunikation zeigt, dass viele der nunmehr gängigen Praktiken gar nicht so neu sind und es bereits eine regelrechte 'Innovationsgeschichte' der digitalen Parteikommunikation und -organisation gibt. Die in den letzten Jahren wachsende Basis- und Beteiligungsorientierung der politischen Akteure reflektiert einerseits den Übergang vom Web 1.0 zum Web 2.0 sowie das Aufkommen der Piratenpartei, die seit 2009 als Taktgeber für die Digitalisierungsstrategien der etablierten Parteiorganisationen fungiert." (Verlagsangabe)

The author examines the consequences of stigma strategies in vegan activism as it is experienced by fat vegan activists. The fat politics of veganism in online spaces is examined in data provided by a 2016 qualitative survey of fat-identified vegan activists. Results highlight the subjective experiences of fat vegans, illuminating the meaning of healthism, sizeism, and thin-privilege in vegan social justice spaces. Sizeism is a significant concern for fat vegan activists as respondents report only medium-level feelings of comfort and community, with one in four reporting having experienced fat discrimination in the movement. Most indicate that online vegan spaces feel safer than those offline, but most also perceive vegan online spaces as less inclusive than nonvegan ones. Most activists did not significantly modify their participation in response.

Tema del mes ; Con el uso de las "virtuales redes sociales", la movilización social ha sido reorganizada, en el sentido de que la protesta social tradicional (la plaza pública, marchas, bloqueos viales) se desarrolla en un proceso paralelo de información y comunicación. Ante la desconfianza de los ciudadanos hacia las instituciones políticas y los medios masivos de comunicación, se buscan nuevas formas de expresión, sino de información e interacción que permitan organizar una nueva forma de participación política. Sin embargo, existen indicadores que nos permitirán valorar la participación política en las redes sociales, que de antemano, no es la misma en todos los lugares en donde haya movimientos sociales. ; With the use of "virtual social networking," social mobilization has been reorganized, in the sense that traditional social protest (the public square, marches, road blocks) takes place in a parallel process of information and communication. Given the distrust of citizens towards political institutions and the mass media, are seeking new forms of expression, but of information and interaction that can organize a new form of political participation. However, there are indicators that allow us to assess the political participation in social networks, which in advance, is not the same in all places where there are social movements.

AbstractThe complex web of exposures and interlinkages across the financial system highlights the relevance of network analysis in understanding systemic risk and guiding the design of financial regulation. This paper discusses how network models—and those based on epidemiological approaches in particular—offer a compelling description of the structure of real-world financial systems and shed light on different contagion mechanisms seen during the global financial crisis. We also review how these insights may inform macroprudential risk assessment and policy in the areas of stress-testing the financial system and the regulation of systemically important institutions. The role of non-bank financial intermediation and social networks in shaping financial system risk is also briefly considered.

This paper analyzes cooperative enterprises' networks in the Italian economy, in accordance with recent economic theory, to throw light on the causes of their success of in the last 30 years. We reference the vast literature about business networks to identify some interpretative lines that can be transferred to the cooperative world. On this basis, a typology of the Italian cooperative networks is offered, in order to evaluate the competitive advantages of each type of net, their governance methods, their evolution, and their impact on the recent flourishing of Italian cooperatives. Our conclusion is that the use of networks by co-ops has been very intensive and can still be strengthened, if Italian co-op umbrella organizations will merge. Building large cooperative corporations was often the result of networking, as was the creation of joint stock companies owned by cooperatives.

Am Beispiel jugendlicher Online-Nutzer zeigt Jessica Einspanner-Pflock, dass Privatheit in der mediatisierten Zukunft nicht als Gegensatz, sondern als ein integraler Bestandteil digitaler Öffentlichkeit zu verstehen ist. Die Autorin entwickelt ein an der Handlungstheorie orientiertes Modell (Modell der "User Generated Privacy"), in dem die zentralen Wirkmechanismen kommunikativen, auf die Konstruktion von Privatheit in der interpersonalen Interaktion gerichteten Handelns im Social Web systematisiert werden. Die empirische Überprüfung erfolgt in einer mehrstufigen qualitativ angelegten Untersuchung am Beispiel Jugendlicher im Alter zwischen 12 und 18 Jahren und ihrer privatheitsrelevanten Facebook-Kommunikation. Die Autorin erörtert, inwiefern die sich wandelnden Strukturen öffentlicher und privater Kommunikation ein verändertes Verständnis von Privatheit hervorbringen und welche Unterschiede zwischen dem traditionellen und dem online-spezifischen Privatheitskonzept existieren. Der Inhalt Das multidimensionale Konzept von Privatheit Formen und Funktionen von Online-Privatheit Handlungsmodell der User Generated Privacy Jugendliche im 21. Jahrhundert Handlungsmuster und Determinanten im Online-Privatheitsprozess Jugendlicher Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften MediensoziologInnen, MedienpädagogInnen Die Autorin Jessica Einspanner-Pflock ist als wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im Fach Medienwissenschaft an der Universitat Bonn beschäftigt

This article describes a study of the personal networks and social supports of 316 blind and visually impaired adolescents, aged 14–23, in The Netherlands. The study found that the mean size of these adolescents' personal networks was 15 persons, compared to 15–20 for sighted adolescents. The oldest adolescents had the largest networks, and the blind adolescents had the smallest. The female and oldest adolescents had more friends, whom they considered important sources of support. However, for all the adolescents, parents were the most important source of support.

This is a study of Pesantren Gontor, a modern Islamic boarding school that hascontributed significantly to the creation of a network of prominent santri in Indonesia.It is based on fieldwork conducted during the period of 2002–2004 and 2006 atPesantren Gontor itself, at various branches of this pesantren located in Java andPesantren Al-Amien in Madura. These pesantren, together with historical material onGontor and other pesantren, provide the basis for an examination of the important rolePesantren Gontor has played in its educational reform and its contribution to thenation of Indonesia.Pesantren Gontor is one of the most remarkable pesantren in Indonesia. It has nowdeveloped 14 campuses for male and female students and its alumni have establishedmore than 211 other separate pesantren in Indonesia that derive their inspiration fromGontor. Since its establishment in 1926 Gontor has produced more than 22,000alumni, who hold a wide variety of different positions including government officials,academics, politicians, religious and community leaders, and successful businessmen.This study examines Pesantren Gontor's history and the Islamic educational contextin which it has developed. The study also examines the main characteristics of thepesantren and its distinctive organisational structure which this thesis has designatedas the 'Gontor Model'. It focuses, in details, on the innovation and reform thatPesantren Gontor has undertaken in its educational system, including its curriculumand especially in the period of the Second Generation known as Era Pasca Trimurti(The Era After the Three Founders).Unlike many (traditional) pesantren that declined after the passing of their founders,Pesantren Gontor has continued to progress and develop and has seen a steadyexpansion of its campuses. Gontor's alumni, who are scattered all over the countryand in many parts of the world, have formed a unique network of prominent santriwith strong connections between them. The study concludes with an illustrativeexamination of the careers of some of Pesantren Gontor's most prominent graduates.

"Online-Wahlen sollen die politische Beteiligung erhöhen, kostengünstigere Wahlen ermöglichen und zu einer Stärkung der Willensbildungsprozesse beitragen. Die technischen Probleme, die bestehende digitale Spaltung, der Wegfall des identitätsstiftenden Aktes der Präsenzwahl und insbesondere die Einhaltung des Wahlgeheimnisses werden kontrovers diskutiert. Die nationalen Regelungen der Briefwahl sind für die Implementation von Online-Wahlen als zusätzliche Alternative von zentraler Bedeutung. So wurde in der Schweiz von der obligatorischen Geheimhaltung abgerückt und dem Wähler die Verantwortung für die Geheimhaltung übertragen. In Deutschland und Österreich ist man diesbezüglich noch zögerlicher." (Autorenreferat)

This book assembles six chapters by respected and emerging scholars in political science and communication to produce a first sustained look at Twitter's role in the 2016 US Presidential Election. While much attention has already been paid to Trump's use of Twitter as a phenomenon--how it helps drive news cycles, distracts attention from other matters, or levies attacks against rivals, the news media, and other critics--there has been little scholarly analysis of the impact Twitter played in the actual election. These chapters apply an impressive diversity of theoretical explanations and methodological approaches to explore how this new technology shaped an American election, and what impact it could have in the future.

Since the argumentative turn in EU studies, research has shown that civil society activists can challenge frames promoted by EU institutions and incumbent groups, and influence public opinion in the EU. However, most studies of civil society mobilisation on EU issues have focused on the vertical framing of issues from Brussels to national capitals, rarely analysing mobilisation beyond Brussels. This article builds upon ongoing research on Spanish civil society activism on the TTIP (Bouza & Oleart, 2018) and framing EU issues on Twitter (Bouza & Tuñón, 2018), contributing to the study of the role of national activists in the horizontal translation of EU-wide mobilisation to national publics. We argue that national actors play an influential role in the discursive struggle to define 'Europe' and the EU in the (national) public spheres (Díez Medrano, 2003). Building on our previous analysis of national activism on TTIP in Spain, we analyse whether activists have engaged in a process of frame bridging (Snow et al., 1986), in order to expand the mobilisation against TTIP towards new issues and constituencies relating to the broader trade strategy of the EU. The present research addresses the role of the Spanish anti- TTIP social movement in the emergence, circulation and bridging of critical frames on the TTIP negotiations in the Spanish Twitter sphere. The article combines quantitative and qualitative methods –network analysis and framing analysis– in order to analyse the role of the @NoAlTTIP network in the building and diffusion of frames challenging the EU institutions discourse on trade in the Spanish context ; This article is part of two projects funded by the European Agency for Education, Culture and Audiovisual (EACEA) of the European Commission, Jean Monnet (Erasmus +): Jean Monnet Module EUCOPOL (reference: 587167-EPP-1-2017-1-ES-EPPJMO-MODULE); and Jean Monnet Network OPENEUDEBATE (reference: 600465-EPP-1-2018-1-ES-EPPJMONETWORK). This article is also part of another project (FAKENEWS) funded by the Spanish Research Agency, from the Science, Innovation and Universities department (Reference: RTI2018-097709-B-I00).

This paper reflects upon Bourdieu's concept of cultural fields, Becker's concept of 'art worlds' and the concept of networks as developed in social network analysis. We challenge the distinction that Bourdieu makes between the objective 'relations' and 'positions' constitutive of 'social space' and visible social relationships. In contrast, we maintain that interaction is generative of social spaces and positions and should be integral to any account of them. Becker's position is better from this perspective, but while Becker refers repeatedly to social networks, he fails to develop the concept or exploit its potential as a means of exploring social structures. Both Becker and Bourdieu have an underdeveloped conception of social connection which weakens their respective conceptions of the space of cultural production. Our proposed remedy is to use social network analysis to derive 'positions' and 'relations' between 'positions', as prioritized by Bourdieu, from data on concrete interactions and relations. This allows 'world' analysis to speak to the issues of field analysis without sacrificing its strengths. We illustrate our case by way of an analysis of two UK music scenes from the late 1970s.

This paper aims to discuss the validity of a contract in online credit and the provision of collateral for online credit as an embodiment of the 5C principle in banking. The method of study uses a normative juridical approach to the legislation and conceptual approach. Online credit contracts are legally valid because they meet the legal requirements of a contract, only the legal certainty is low because the parties do not know firsthand the good intentions of the parties. The provision of collateral in online credit is not against the law, it's just that the precautionary principle that the bank should apply in providing credit is not fulfilled. The creditor does not have a guarantee for the debtor's debt repayment if at any time the debtor is unable to repay the loan or break the promise.