Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article examines the political imbroglios surrounding the tenure of José García de León y Pizarro (1778–84) asvisitadorand president-regent of theAudienciaor Kingdom of Quito, in order to demonstrate the deep political divisions that emerged in Spain's Atlantic empire over the Bourbon Reforms. García Pizarro's policies strengthened the colonial state and produced a dramatic increase in crown revenues, but they also led to a groundswell of protest from local elites and even provoked the condemnation of his successors. These political struggles in Quito reveal the many competing viewpoints about the reform and renovation of Spanish Empire. The Bourbon Reforms emerged from a series of hotly contested political struggles on both sides of the Atlantic, leading to patchy and even distinctive outcomes in different regions of the empire. This political contestation also helps to explain why no coherent, commonly accepted plan for the reform of Spain's Atlantic empire ever emerged during the century.

A review essay on books by (1) James Bennett, 'Rats and Revolutionaries': The Labour Movement in Australia and New Zealand 1890-1940 (Dunedin: Otago University Press, 2004); (2) Richard S. Hill, State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa 1900-1950 (Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2004) & (3) Philippa Mein Smith, A Concise History of New Zealand (Cambridge and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2005). References.

Analyzes doctrines of development, state projects, & material subtexts in order to explain how conflict was constructed as agency & violence was produced structurally in colonial Africa where ideas about development emerged as a dimension of conflict. Contemporary arguments about national development are drawn upon to identify lineages of conflict which reflect control mechanisms structured by the European nation state during the interwar period. Constructions of domination that were an integral part of specific domains of their management are examined to argue that colonial states were "subject to the developmental vagaries of the imperial state" even though the colonial state was neither a rational instrument of bureaucratic power nor totally successful in its agency. Mechanisms of control were very specific in colonial empires; lineages of conflict were not subject to reconsideration; & the use of force was based on Western notions of modernization as universal evolution. The need to analyze ideatic & structural constructions jointly in order to identify "lineages & dynamics that structured `ordinary' relations in triggering violence" is emphasized. References. J. Lindroth