Suchergebnisse

I sketch briefly some of the more influential theories concerned with the moral status of nonhuman animals, highlighting their biological/physiological aspects. I then survey the most prominent empirical research on the physiological and cognitive capacities of nonhuman animals, focusing primarily on sentience, but looking also at a few other morally relevant capacities such as self-awareness, memory, and mindreading. Lastly, I discuss two examples of current animal welfare policy, namely, animals used in industrialized food production and in scientific research. I argue that even the most progressive current welfare policies lag behind, are ignorant of, or arbitrarily disregard the science on sentience and cognition.

Like Rachel, Jacob's beloved but still childless bride, who asked herself and the Lord each morning, "Am I?," or "Can I?," so presidents of this Association on these annual occasions intermittently ask, "Are we a science?," or "Can we become one?" My predecessor, David Truman, raised this question last September applying some of the notions of Thomas Kuhn in his recent book on scientific revolutions. I shall be following in Truman's footsteps, repeating much that he said but viewing the development of the profession from a somewhat different perspective and intellectual history. My comments will be organized around three assertions.First, there was a coherent theoretical formulation in the American political theory of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.Second, the development of professional political science in the United States from the turn of the century until well into the 1950's was carried on largely in terms of this paradigm, to use Kuhn's term. The most significant and characteristic theoretical speculation and research during these decades produced anomalous findings which cumulatively shook its validity.Third, in the last decade or two the elements of a new, more surely scientific paradigm seem to be manifesting themselves rapidly. The core concept of this new approach is that of the political system.

This dissertation examines interpreter figures in European literature and film since the Second World War, from the implementation of simultaneous interpreting at the Nuremberg Trials to the growth of the European Union and the rise of a global information economy. I approach interpreting as an embodied act of translation, and the works I analyze explore the frictions that arise when an embodied subject is employed as a supposedly neutral medium of communication. In contrast to fantasies of instantaneous transfer and unlimited convertibility enabled by digital translation technologies, the interpreter's corporeality attests to the material and culturally specific aspects of linguistic communication within larger processes of international exchange. Working against a tradition of effacement, I investigate aesthetic representations that render the interpreter's body visible, audible, and even tangible, and thereby offer new possibilities for conceiving of translation as a multi-directional encounter rather than a form of hermeneutic extraction and transfer. This approach also highlights the gendered nature of interpreting as a form of intimate, affective service work, which is further figured in relation to traditional discourses of translators as potentially duplicitous women. Both Ingeborg Bachmann's short story "Simultan" (1968/72) and Rainer Werner Fassbinder's film Die Ehe der Maria Braun (1979) employ female interpreter figures to stage the ongoing relevance of Germany and Austria's National Socialist past to the historical moments in which they originated. While the protagonist of "Simultan" experiences historical and linguistic fragmentation as an instrumentalized "language machine," Maria Braun attempts to exercise agency through sexual, economic, and linguistic exchanges that are nonetheless constrained by larger social forces. In Yoko Tawada's novella Das Bad (1989) and novel Das nackte Auge (2004), the dangers of translation as hermeneutic violence are inscribed upon female bodies, yet these bodies also hold the potential for alternative forms of translation as a shared experience of encounter. Finally, Hans-Christian Schmid's film Lichter (2003) positions interpreters as key points of facilitation, friction, and intimate exchange within an unstable border zone.

Introduction -- Advertising in Ireland 1850-1914. Prologue -- the Irish advertising scene from the 1850s to the 1880s; Advertising and the nation in the Irish revival -- Print culture. The Shan van vocht (1896-1899) and The leader (1900-1936): national identity in advertising; The Sinn féin depot and the selling of Irish sport; The lady of the house (1890-1921): gender, fashion and domesticity; Unionism, advertising, and the Third Home Rule Bill -- "High" culture. Oscar Wilde as editor and writer: aesthetic interventions in fashion and material culture; Consumerism and anti-commercialism: the Yeatses, print culture, and home industry; Advertising in Ireland 1914-1922; Advertising, Ireland, and the Great War -- Coda - from the Armistice to the Saorstsst

The traditional features of an ideal admin'tive org are respected in official reorg studies but questioned by many contributors to the professional literature of public admin. Sensitive awareness of the complexity of admin'tive reality, a belief that fruitful admin'tive analysis requires skills additional to those commanded by scholars in public admin, & a commitment to prematurely rigorous methodology. threaten to foster a professional literature of negativistic quality. In contrast, the 1955 reports of the 2nd (Hoover) Commission on Reorganization of the Executive Branch of the Gov seem overly positive in identifying much admin'tive error & in advancing corrective recommendations. The reports lack an articulated admin'tive model & an overall perspective, emphasize functions & procedures that cut across dept's, neglect major-purpose org & dept'al lines of responsibility, devote excessive attention to details, & reveal confusion over the role of the Commission & its task forces. (AA-IPSA).

Acknowledgements Introduction  1Comparative Literature, World Literature, Global Literature -- 2Literature and Medicine, Medical and Health Humanities -- 3The Chapters -- Part 1: Shattering Stigmas -- Introduction: Exposing Stigmas   1Legacies of Leprosy  1Leprosy, Christianity, Europe -- 2Imperialism, Segregation, Hawai'i, Nigeria -- 3Leprosy and East Asia -- 4Propagating Prejudices -- 5Countering Violence -- 5.1Leprosy Narratives and Hawai'i -- 5.2Japanese and Korean Stories of Leprosy -- 5.3Paradise Reconsidered in Yi Ch'ŏngjun's Your Paradise -- 5.4Betrayal and the Urdu Translation of Your Paradise -- 5.5Leprosaria as Refuge – Ola Rotimi's Hopes of the Living Dead -- 2 AIDS, National Fear, Literary Production  1 HIV / AIDS – The Global Epidemic -- 2South Africa – Silence, Secrets, Accusations -- 3Tanzania and Kenya – Denials, Allegations, Vulnerability -- 4China – Innocence, Guilt, Social Control -- 5The United States – Indictments, Activism, Understanding -- 3 AIDS Stigmas, Fear, Care -- 1Deterring Advocacy, Activism, and Education -- 2Deferring Responsibility -- 3Obstructing Timely Testing and Medical Treatment -- 4Forestalling Support -- 5Destroying Landscapes -- Entr'acte: Confronting the Stigmas of Alzheimer's-- Part 2: Humanizing Healthcare -- Introduction: Person-Focused Care – Advocacy, Respect, Compassion, Empathy, Healing  1Calls for Patient-Centered Care--  2Person-Focused Care – Empathy, Cultural Humility, Compassion, Healing--  3Challenges to Person-Focused Care--  4Narrative Interventions--   4Contrasts in Care  1Exposing Disparities -- 2Asserting Humanity -- 3Voicing Despair -- 4Articulating Change -- 5Speaking For, Not With--  1Stories Dismissed--  2Stories without Words--  3Stories without Memories--  4Differences Denied--   6 Medically Treating, Not Healing--  1Transforming Medicine – Women Physicians and Healing--  2Saving without Healing--  3Temporarily Curing without Healing--  4Accentuating Violence, Impeding Healing--   7Interventions in Dying--  1Easing Death--  1.1On the Right to Decline Death-Prolonging Care--  1.2On the Right to Life-Ending Care--  2Conundrums of Cure--  2.1Sacrifices in Discovering and Developing Cures--  2.2The Paradoxical Precariousness of Cure-- Part 3: Prioritizing Partnerships -- Introduction: Healing Partnerships   8Promoting Partnerships in Living, Sharing Care--  1Integrating Support – Patients, Loved Ones, Health Professionals, Societies--  2Truth Telling – Patients, Loved Ones, Health Professionals--  3Eschewing Medical Treatment – Patients, Loved Ones--  4All about Elephants--   9Providing Partnerships in Dying, Easing Death--  1Partnerships Interrupted--  2Partnerships Criminalized--  3Partnerships Redefined-- Bibliography Index.