Suchergebnisse

The Arab World numbering an estimated 130 million inhabitants (1972) has produced—through its own college and university system (40 institutions in 1971 and 400,000 college students)—some 560,000 graduates; see Table I. Study abroad has been at a high level ever since the early fifties. During the past two decades it has increased from about 10,000 to 40,000.

In his academic interests, Sidney Pollard (1925-1998) was among the most wide-ranging of post-war British historians. Focuses on one specific aspect of Pollard's life and work, his experience of exile. In 1938, Pollard left his native Vienna to travel as a child refugee to Britain. His parents were unable to accompany him into exile and the months that followed were the most difficult of his life. Tells Pollard's story and concentrates especially on this key incident. Argues that the traumas he underwent in 1938 and afterwards remained with Pollard to shape his later choices, including his decision to becomean academic and also the nature of the books that he wrote. Focusing on his books and articles, suggests that traces of this childhood memory are embodied in them. (Original abstract - amended)

Since its establishment in 1994, the Palestinian Authority has shown great interest in changing the Palestinian legal system through direct legislative intervention, despite its limited territorial, functional and personal jurisdiction. Yet for migration issues, the legislative intervention has been the exception rather than the rule. Such legislative stagnation was accompanied by lack of policies for migration issues in general. The lack of such legislative intervention as much as the absence of clear policies in migration issues is the 'gap' the title of this paper refers to. This paper questions the role of Palestinian courts in filling the gap, whether by making new laws or even by contributing to the formulation of new policies. Two cases in particular will be discussed: the status of UNRWA and the rights it has inside refugee camps; and the way Palestinian courts dealt with foreign courts' decisions, determining indirectly what is national. An analysis of a research sample on migration-related cases shows clearly that the Palestinian judiciary do not seem to be playing (or to be willing to play) the role of rule- or policy-maker in migration issues. This gap is not necessarily disturbing as there is no legal vacuum. Palestinian judges always find their way through the existing laws inherited from previous regimes, still in force in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The decisions analyzed in the research sample, though reduced numerically, are rich in meanings and indicators. They reflect the changes the Palestinian Authority had introduced to the legal system of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and demonstrate how Palestinians are moving towards an understanding of their identity that evolve around a territorial state-like entity.

This article explores the British Mandate's legal framework for regulating citizenship and nationality in Palestine following the post–World War I fragmentation of the Ottoman Empire. It argues that the 1925 Palestinian Citizenship Order-in-Council prioritized the settlement and naturalization of Jews in Palestine, while simultaneously disenfranchising Palestinians who had migrated abroad. Ultimately, the citizenship legislation reflected British imperial interests as it fulfilled the promises made in the Balfour Declaration to establish in Palestine a homeland for the Jewish people, while it attempted to ensure the economic viability of a modern Palestine as a British mandated territory. Excluded from Palestinian citizenship by the arbitrary application of the Order-in-Council, the majority of Palestinian migrants during the 1920s and 30s never secured a legal means to return to Palestine, thus marking the beginning of the Palestinian diaspora.

Studies of changes in the life and status of the Arab woman to-day deal with her education, her working conditions, her rights and needs, rarely analyzing the impact of such changes on her psychological make-up, on her personality.