Suchergebnisse

Mobility is a vital strategy employed by pastoralists to capitalize on the scarce availability of resources in variable environments, making pastoralism economically feasible and environmentally sustainable. Through mobility, pastoralists can produce animal-sourced products that provide food and income security to populations in the world's rangelands. Such a practice also provides a range of benefits to the environment while fostering the capacity to adapt to changing social and natural environments. With a few exceptions, policies have largely not kept up with new scholarship and development discourse that acknowledges the importance of mobility to pastoralism. There is a lag in and resistance to legislating in favor of mobility. The overall objective of this handbook is to guide the development of legal and policy frameworks for securing mobility for various pastoral production systems and practices. This handbook calls for the legal recognition and securing of pastoral mobility as a way of safeguarding and facilitating a continuous stream of economic and social benefits for pastoralists, countries, and the environment. It facilitates a deeper understanding of pastoral mobility through examples and case studies drawn from various parts of the world and identifies considerations to be borne in mind when legislating for mobility. ; Peer reviewed

Imperfections in the present system of sociocultural anthropology scholarship are addressed, & twenty-two immediate challenges facing the field are identified. Emphasis is on the need to reinforce interdisciplinary linkages, improve education & communication, integrate fundamental & applied knowledge, & unite the academic & professionalized traditions. Challenges arising from technical research considerations & from the evolution of the discipline itself amid increasing social pressures are discussed. 2 Photographs. K. Hyatt

El surgimiento de las ciencias sociales como disciplinas académicas se dio en un contexto de profundos cambios sociales, derivados de una nueva forma de organización política, económica y laboral en el mundo occidental. En el reparto de las parcelas del saber, la Antropología Social y Cultural se dedicó durante décadas a observar a los "otros", en la búsqueda de lo diferente y exótico, pero también de lo que a la humanidad nos constituye como tal. En ese proceso, se han construido paradigmas explicativos y conceptos desde los que aproximarse a las distintas realidades. En este artículo se plantea un recorrido por dicho proceso, tomando como eje explicativo los conceptos de cultura y naturaleza humana. ; The emergence of the social sciences as academic disciplines took place in a context of profound social change, derived from a new form of political, economic and labour organization in the western world. In the distribution of areas of knowledge, for decades Social and Cultural Anthropology was assigned the task of observing "others", in the search for what was different and exotic, but also in the quest for what makes humanity what it is. In the process, explicative paradigms and concepts have been constructed in order to approach different realities. This article proposes to review this process, taking as its explicative axis the concepts of culture and human nature. ; peerReviewed

This introduction provides an analytical back ground for the notion of vulnerability as it is currently perceived mainly in social sciences, ethics, philosophy, queer studies and governmentality. Used both as descriptive and normative term, vulnerability, along with resilience and policy management, has acquired political dimensions, which are distant from those given by the philosophers Hannah Arendt and Emmanuel Levinas. In present day social and political discussions vulnerability has gained enormous popularity and seems to be a genuine 'sticky concept', an adhesive cluster of heterogeneous conceptual elements. ; Peer reviewed

How can anthropologists negotiate access in high-profile, bureaucratic apparatuses, such as a UN human rights monitoring mechanism – and what can a detailed account of these negotiations tell us of such apparatuses, their operational dynamics and the processes through which they exert an impact, broadly construed? This article addresses these questions through the notion of tactical subjectivity by anchoring its discussion on the category of the intern and detailing how this category became informative of the 'fuzzy logic' of the UN apparatus. The article outlines three techniques mobilised in the process – name-dropping, 'playing blonde' and opportunism – all embedded in a tactical matrix of exaggerated transparency. The article further shares attempts to flesh out relations and thus form 'liaisons' between my interlocutors and myself at sessions of the UN Human Rights Committee, the most influential of all the UN treaty bodies overseeing how states comply with their covenant-bound obligations. The ultimate aim was to become a conspicuous ethnographer with constant access – a volatile goal in the unpredictable microstructures of this awesome global apparatus. ; In the 1940s activists lobbied for the creation of a binding international bill of rights backed up by an interna- tional human rights court as the backbone of the postWorld War II order. Together, so the activists believed, these would guarantee peace and harmony to all mankind. Seven decades later this vision has been transformed into a cluster of UN human rights treaties and expert committees known as treaty bodies to monitor them. In practice treaty bodies process documents in ongoing bureaucratic cycles, which are located somewhere between an audit ritual and a court session. This duality is a source of strength as well as vulnerability and frustration, embodying an endless navigation between the 'utopia' of a robust and binding legal framework and an 'apology' for actual state conduct. This paper explores how this duality manifests itself in the practices of the most authoritative and 'courtlike' treaty body of the UN, namely the Human Rights Committee monitoring state compliance over the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), simulta- neously exploring how the vision is kept alive. ; Peer reviewed

Focusing on Prime Minister Gordon Brown's apology to British child migrants in 2010, this article proposes that public apology, as a moral and political act, is a compelling site for examining attempts to redefine and redress previously silenced pasts. Postwar child migration has been something of a silenced chapter in British history. In my research I examine one such child migration scheme, namely a project which sent select British children (aged 4 to 13) to colonial Southern Rhodesia—today's Zimbabwe—between 1946 and 1962. Through this case, I discuss two intertwined aspects of the transformative intentions of apologizing. First, the apology aims at amending the relationship between the apologizer and the victims and at remodeling the recipients' political subjectivities. Second, the apology discloses distinct, but contradictory, understandings about the relationship between past, present, and future. It emphasizes the continuous effects the past has in the present, but simultaneously purports to create a temporal break with the past, marked by a moral transformation of the state. However, although the apology aspires and has potential to give voice to those previously silenced and to re-articulate a more legitimate version of the past, its framing eliminates the broader historical context of the Empire. Thus, while partially overcoming silences, the article suggests, the apology also reproduces and reinforces others. ; Peer reviewed

"Cultural Anthropology integrates critical thinking, explores rich ethnographies, and prompts students to think creatively about today's culture and society. Authors Serena Nanda and Richard L. Warms show how historical studies and anthropological techniques can help readers reflect on the nature, structure, and meaning of human societies. Updates to the Thirteenth Edition include a new chapter on race and ethnicity; emphasis on areas such as inequality, power, gender, race, and history; discussions of issues around medical care and public health; and new features that reflect changes in world culture." --

The author argues that anthropology can help define a much broader, richer and culturally more diverse concept of heritage. He advocates for a more democratic and pluralist State policy that takes into account the diversity and complexity of Brazilian society, valuing traditions, symbolic systems and cultural manifestations from all sectors. The preservation of the Terreiro de Candomblé Casa Branca, in Salvador, Bahia, is presented as an example of recognizing the legitimacy of a tradition that was until recently subject to discrimination and persecutions. The author argues that this broadening of the concept of cultural heritage is crucial to the constitution of a Brazilian society that values democracy, human rights, citizenship and its own memory as a nation.