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Micheline Ishay recounts the dramatic struggle for human rights across the ages in a book that brilliantly synthesizes historical and intellectual developments from the Mesopotamian Codes of Hammurabi to today's era of globalization. As she chronicles the clash of social movements, ideas, and armies that have played a part in this struggle, Ishay illustrates how the history of human rights has evolved from one era to the next through texts, cultural traditions, and creative expression. Writing with verve and extraordinary range, she develops a framework for understanding contemporary issues from the debate over globalization to the intervention in Kosovo to the climate for human rights after September 11, 2001. The only comprehensive history of human rights available, the book will be essential reading for anyone concerned with humankind's quest for justice and dignity. Ishay structures her chapters around six core questions that have shaped human rights debate and scholarship: What are the origins of human rights? Why did the European vision of human rights triumph over those of other civilizations? Has socialism made a lasting contribution to the legacy of human rights? Are human rights universal or culturally bound? Must human rights be sacrificed to the demands of national security? Is globalization eroding or advancing human rights? As she explores these questions, Ishay also incorporates notable documents—writings, speeches, and political statements—from activists, writers, and thinkers throughout history

"Transcendence and History is an analysis of what philosopher Eric Voegelin described as "the decisive problem of philosophy": the dilemma of the discovery of transcendent meaning and the impact of this discovery on human self-understanding. The explicit recognition and symbolization of transcendent meaning originally occurred in a few advanced civilizations worldwide during the first millennium B.C.E. The world's major religious and wisdom traditions are built upon the recognition of transcendent meaning, and our own cultural and linguistic heritage has long since absorbed the postcosmological division of reality into the two dimensions of "transcendence" and "immanence." But the last three centuries in the West have seen a growing resistance to the idea of transcendent meaning; contemporary and "postmodern" interpretations of the human situation - both popular and intellectual - indicate a widespread eclipse of confidence in the truth of transcendence."--BOOK JACKET. Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

This exciting new volume examines the development of market performance from Antiquity until the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. Efficient market structures are agreed by most economists to serve as evidence of economic prosperity, and to be prerequisites for further economic growth. However, this is the first study to examine market performance as a whole, over such a large time period. Presenting a hitherto unknown and inaccessible corpus of data from ancient Babylonia, this international set of contributors are for the first time able to offer an in-depth study of market performance over.

Chapter 1: Introduction: can the world trust China? -- Chapter 2: China and Japan; Early contacts; Tribute system; Japan in the tribute system; Relations with the Tang; Relations with the Song; Relations with the Yuan; Relations with the Ming; Toyotomi Hideyoshi; San Francisco system; Political identity -- Chapter 3: The Ryukyu Kingdom; Discrimination on the mainland; Okinawan migration overseas; America and the Ryukyu Kingdom; Typhoon of steel -- Chapter 4: Vietnam; A thousand-year rule; Independence and Chinese invasions; The Tay Son uprising; French rule; Sino-Viet relations during the colonial period; Ho Chi Minh; World War II; The tiger and the elephant; Dien Bien Phu; The Geneva accord; The second Indochina war; Daniel Ellesberg and the Pentagon Papers; Discord over Cambodia; Post Vietnam War; Invasion of Cambodia -- Chapter 5: The Philippines; The Chinese in the Philippines; Chinese mestizos; Nationalism; Spanish rule; Secularization; José Rizal; Revolution; The Katipunan; The battle of Manila Bay; The siege of Manila; Chinese mestizos in the Philippine-American war; José Ignacio Paua; American conduct; Annexation of the Philippines; The Chinese under American Rule; The Japanese Occupation; Post war integration; China policy -- Chapter 6: Malaysia; Early contacts with China; The Malacca Sultanate; The Portuguese; The Dutch; The British; The Chinese; Secret societies; Kapitan Yap Ah Loy; Economic progress; Banking; Manufacturing; Europeans and Asians; Political awakening; Tan Kah Kee; Japanese occupation; Chin Peng; Postwar Malaya; Onn Jaafar; 13 May; New economic policy; Chinese under the NEP; Sino-Malaysian relations; Mahathir Mohamad -- Chapter 7: Territorial disputes; South China Sea; Scramble for rocks; The Senakaku/Diaoyu Islands; Tokyo's claim -- Chapter 8: China and the world order; The Portuguese; The Dutch; The British; The French; The Americans; The missionaries; The treaty of Versailles; From isolation to integration.

Modern studies of civil--military relations recognise that the military is separate from civil society, with its own norms and values, principles of organization, and regulations. Key issues of concern include the means by which - and the extent to which - the civil power controls the military; and also the ways in which military values and approaches permeate and affect wider society. This book examines these issues in relation to China, covering the full range of Chinese history from the Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties up to the Communist takeover in 1949. It traces how civil--military relation

An epic new history of Ancient China told through the prism of a dozen extraordinary tombs The three millennia up to the establishment of the first imperial Qin dynasty in 221 BC cemented many of the distinctive elements of Chinese civilisation still in place today: an extraordinarily challenging geography and environment, formidable infrastructure, a society based on the strict hierarchy of the family, a shared written script of characters, a cuisine founded on rice and millet, a material culture of ceramics, bronze, silk and jade, and a unique concept of the universe, in which ancestors continue to exist alongside the living. Records of these early achievements, and their diverse and unexpected expressions, often lie not in written history, but in how people marked the end of their lives: their dwellings for the afterlife. Tombs, and the treasures within them, are almost the only artefacts to survive from Ancient China; their scale and sophistication rivals their equivalents in Ancient Egypt. Jessica Rawson, one of the most eminent Western scholars of China, explores twelve grand tombs - each from a specific historical moment and place - showing how they reveal wider political, dynastic and cultural developments, culminating in the lavish ambition of the First Emperor's monument, guarded by his army of terracotta warriors. Beautifully illustrated and drawing on the latest archaeological discoveries, Life and Afterlife in Ancient China illuminates a constellation of beliefs about life and death very different from our own and provides a remarkable new perspective on one of the oldest civilisations in the world

Ancient history: to c 500 CE

Ancient history: to c 500 CE

Ancient history: to c 500 CE

DOI:10.17014/ijog.6.1.103-113In 2015, the number of international tourists who visited Borobudur temple declined and did not reach the government target. It was because there was only one attraction in the temple. After visiting Borobudur, most of tourists move to another place such as Yogyakarta. They know about the temple, but not its past environment when the temple was built. The history and past environment of Borobudur temple could be developed as additional tourist attractions to make them stay longer in that area. Geological condition and the evidences of an ancient lake could be developed as tourist objects. It is very interesting and could be developed to educate visitors in geo-archeology. The aim of this research is to develop archeological (temple) tourism based on geology and past environment. Although many researches on geo-archeology have been done, the results which relate to tourism are still not widely applied yet. The methods used are secondary data analysis and a field survey to investigate the potential of tourist stop sites. The potential tourist attractions were determined by geomorphology, lithology outcrops, stratigraphy, environment, and accessibility. The result is ten stop sites which could be used to describe the paleoenvironment in Borobudur based on geosciences. These tourist objects could explain the environment in the past related to the temple reliefs and ancient human activities.