Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Summary -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Committee's Review of the Study -- Comments on the Overall Study -- Review of the Executive Summary -- Review of Chapter 1: Introduction -- Review of Chapter 2: WRF Model Performance Evaluation -- Review of Chapter 3: Emissions Inventory for the Cumulative and Visibility Impacts Assessment -- Review of Chapter 4: Cumulative and Air Quality Impacts Analysis -- Review of Chapter 5: Emission Exemption Threshold Evaluation -- Review of Chapter 6: Uncertainty and Recommendations -- Concluding Thoughts -- References -- Appendix A: Statement of Task -- Appendix B: Committee Biographies -- Appendix C: Acronyms -- Appendix D: Data for Figures S.1, 2.2, and 2.3.

The burning of biomass - forests, grasslands, and agricultural fields after the harvest - is much more widespread and extensive than previously believed; most biomass burning is thought to be initiated by humans and is on the increase. This comprehensive volume is the first to consider biomass burning as a global phenomenon and to assess its impact on the atmosphere, on climate, and on the biosphere itself. The 63 chapters by 158 scientists - including leading biomass burn researchers from third-world countries, such as Brazil, Nigeria, Zaire, India, and China, where biomass burning is so prevalent - point to biomass burning as a significant driver of global change on our planet.Global Biomass Burning provides a convenient and current reference on such topics as the remote sensing of biomass burning from space, the geographical distribution of burning; the combustion products of burning in tropical, temperate, and boreal ecosystems; burning as a global source of atmospheric gases and particulates; the impact of biomass burning gases and particulates on global climate; and the role of biomass burning on biodiversity and past global extinctions.Also included are contributions on the importance of biomass burning from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program: A Study of Global Change and from the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project, as well as policy options prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for managing biomass burning to mitigate global climate change.Joel S. Levine is Senior Research Scientist in the Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center and is the Principal Investigator of NASA's research program on global biomass burning, Biospheric Research Program, Office of Space Sciences and Applications.

Extensive research in geology, atmospheric science, and paleontology provides a detailed history of CO2 in the atmosphere and an understanding of factors that have influenced changes in the past. This knowledge is used to illuminate the role of atmospheric CO2 in the modern carbon cycle and in the evolution of plants and animals. With an understanding of the history and dynamics of the biosphere, the authors address the future role of atmospheric CO2 and its likely effects on ecosystems. This book incorporates the advances of various earth science, environmental, and ecological fields into an overall account of global change and the changing dynamics of life on Earth.

Introduction -- Characterizing and communicating -- Cases: methods and approaches for risk assessment and communication -- Strategies for the fourth National Climate Assessment -- References -- Appendix A: Workshop agenda -- Appendix B: Biographical sketches of committee members and presenters.

It is now possible to determine concentrations of trace constituents and pollutants in the lower atmosphere from space, a development which heralds a new era for tropospheric chemistry. The authors describe how to develop and validate methods for determining tropospheric trace constituents from satellite data, to encourage the use of these data by atmospheric chemists, and to explore the undoubted synergism which will develop between satellite and ground-based measurements, and will eventually give rise to a permanent observation system for the troposphere. The book comprises several comprehensive overviews, prepared by acknowledged experts in the field, together with a series of individual reports from investigators whose work represents the cutting edge of the subject. A variety of results, giving global distributions of several species and their modelling are reported. Most results stem from ESA satellite data, but there is also a account of the North American work in this field which has mainly concentrated on global distributions of ozone. It is fair to say that the field, as it develops, will revolutionize the way in which atmospheric chemistry is done. This timely book provides a good introduction for anyone with an interest in the future of the troposphere

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Overview -- Introduction -- Understanding Past Climate Forcings and Sensitivity -- Glacial, Ocean, and Land Processes and Feedbacks -- Resolving Regional Climate Change: Advancing and Synthesizing Knowledge -- How the Paleoclimate Community Can Better Engage on BAJEDI Issues -- Closing Thoughts -- References -- Appendix A: Statement of Task -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Planning Committee Members -- Appendix C: Workshop Agenda.

Aujourd'hui, l'objectif de la consommation s'est déplacé de la valeur d'usage pure à la valeur esthétique-expérientielle. Dans ce contexte, le concept de design subit une transformation correspondante - le design ne concerne plus uniquement la fabrication du produit lui-même. Au contraire, la création d'une atmosphère est placée au premier plan du travail de conception, à tel point que le produit devient l'un des éléments de la conception. La focalisation sur la conception de l'atmosphère nous permet de mieux réfléchir à l'interaction entre l'objet, la forme, l'espace, l'environnement et le corps humain, l'émotion et l'action. Notre étude se concentrera sur les questions suivantes : comment pouvons-nous créer une atmosphère qui puisse être ressentie comme bonne et significative ? Pour un designer qui travaille dans un contexte international, une autre question semble encore plus critique : dans quelle mesure une atmosphère significative peut-elle avoir un impact qui transcende les frontières culturelles individuelles ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous tentons d'introduire le concept de résonance dans une exploration éthique de la conception d'atmosphères. Une relation de résonance peut se produire dans presque toutes les dimensions de la relation entre l'homme et le monde et fournir ainsi une orientation normative pour un bon mode de vie. Il incombe aux concepteurs de renforcer la sensibilité à la résonance des questions écologiques, interpersonnelles, interculturelles et marginales par la création de scénarios atmosphériques.

"The Atmospheric City explores how people make sense of the feelings they get in and of urban spaces. Based on ethnographic fieldwork of everyday life in Copenhagen, Oslo, and Stockholm, it focuses on the atmospheric power of people, places, and phenomena. While the predominant focus of current urban planning tends to rest on economic growth, sustainability, or offering housing, transport, and activities to an increasing number of city residents, this book offers a different take, based on recent discussions in the social sciences about how cities feel. It calls attention to the mundane ways in which urban dwellers adapt and adopt their surroundings. It argues that atmospheric cities are characterised by a fundamental porosity that affects how people relate to places. This highlights why some places are sought after while others are avoided. Through concrete examples of people being in and moving through the city, the book shows how people attune and are attuned by designed urban spaces, often at the margins of attention, when they find comfort in the familiar and seek out the unexpected. This book is aimed at researchers, postgraduates, and practitioners interested in urban design and how people make sense of the feelings it evokes. It will be of interest to those in the fields of urban studies, urban design, planning, architecture urban geography, cultural geography, cultural studies and anthropology"--

This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the global health impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air, conducted on the basis of a high-resolution emission inventory, global chemical transport modeling, and probabilistic risk assessment. One of the main strengths of the thesis is the concentration downscaling process, which provides a linkage between emissions and exposure concentrations at a comparatively high resolution. Moreover, by focusing on individual susceptibility, the thesis proposes an instrumental revision of current risk assessment methodology and argues that, if individual susceptibility were not taken into consideration, the overall risk would be underestimated by 55% and the proportion of highly vulnerable populations would be underestimated by more than 90%

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Dedication -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assessment of the Current Solar Geoengineering Research and Research Governance Landscape -- 3 The Decision Space: Context and Key Considerations for Solar Geoengineering Research and Research Governance -- 4 A Solar Geoengineering Research Program: Goals and Approach -- 5 Solar Geoengineering Research Governance -- 6 An Integrated Agenda for Solar Geoengineering Research -- References -- Appendix A: Statement of Task -- Appendix B: Speakers from the Committee Meetings & -- Webinars -- Appendix C: Scenarios Developed By the Committee for the "Decision Maker Needs" Webinars -- Appendix D: Biographical Sketches of the Committee Members -- Appendix E: Acronyms and Abbreviations.

Chapter1. Introduction -- Chapter2. Creation of the Universe -- Chapter3. CO2 and Climate Change in the Early Atmosphere -- Chapter4. Atmospheric Weather Variability -- Chapter5. CO2 and Climate Change: 250 BC to 1850 AD -- Chapter6. Arrhenius, Angström and Planck -- Chapter7. Modern Warming and the 35 –Year Cooling Period Within -- Chapter8.1 The Debate Builds Despite the Evidence -- 8.2 CO2 Climate Theory Becomes a Political Tool -- 8.3 The Tide Begins to Turn -- Chapter9. The Irrigation System for Planet Earth -- Chapter10. The Source of the Earth's Thermal Blanket and Energy Balance -- Chapter11. H2O and CO2 in the Radiation of the Earth's Atmosphere -- Chapter12 Why the Climate Does Change -- Chapter13. The Important Value of CO2 -- Chapter14. Summary and a Future Concern