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M.A.BIOETHICS ; Bioethics education is being adopted in various countries as an integral part of the curriculum. Should bioethics be implemented in Maltese curricula, and if yes, how and at what educational level? On 19 October 2005, the 33rd Session of the General Conference of UNESCO adopted the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, which has been agreed upon by 191 Member States of UNESCO. After much deliberation and discussion, there has been a universal consensus on the importance of the introduction of bioethics education within each Member State, and consolidation of bioethics education where this is already in place. Bioethical principles are being seen as the basis of having virtuous citizens, and thus it is being suggested to strengthen and disseminate these principles at all levels, for practical reasons and to help people face important daily decisions with a conscientious background. Moral education has been prioritized for millennia, and educators worldwide have tried to instil in their students ethical perspectives as part of a holistic education. Modern scholars are reverting to the original meaning Potter gave to the term Global Bioethics, as it is argued that medical, social, and ecological issues are interconnected, as originally stated by Potter himself. Moreover, educational psychologists believe that a holistic and unified approach to education is more beneficial, and therefore we should combine our concerns and widen our focus to encompass environmental ethics, professional ethics, politics and economic issues. In this dissertation the author will argue that there is the need for the introduction of bioethics education in the Maltese curriculum through compulsory education as a cross-curricular theme to complement a holistic education scenario for the Maltese students. ; N/A

Bioethics for Scientists provides an introduction to the ethics of modern life sciences and encompasses a wide range of environmental, social, scientific and medical issues. Subjects such as global warming, GM crops and the recent advances in genetics and cloning affect all areas of society. Scientists in all fields are frequently reminded of their own responsibilities, not just within their own profession but also to society

This Element traces the origins and development of bioethics, the principles and values involved in the discipline, and the roles of justice among these principles and values. The main tasks given to the concept of justice have since the late 1970s been nondiscrimination in research, prioritization in medical practice, and redistribution in healthcare. The Element argues that in a world challenged by planet-wide political and environmental threats this is not sufficient. The nature and meaning of justice has to be rethought. The Element does this by dissecting current bioethical approaches in the light of theories of justice as partly clashing interpretations of equality. The overall findings are twofold. Seen against the background of global concerns, justice in bioethics has become a silent guardian of economic sustainability. Seen against the same background, we should set our aims higher. Justice can, and must, be put to better use than it presently is. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Preliminary Material -- ARGUING ABOUT ARGUMENTS, ANALYZING ANALYSIS /Matti Häyry , Tuija Takala , Gardar Árnason and Peter Herissone-Kelly -- GLOBAL BIOETHICS AND "ERRONEOUS REASON": FALLACIES ACROSS THE BORDERS /Sirkku Kristiina Hellsten -- IS BIOETHICS ONLY FOR THE RICH AND POWERFUL? /Søren Holm -- DO WE NEED (BIO)ETHICAL PRINCIPLES? /Simona Giordano -- BIOETHICS AND STEPHEN TOULMIN'S ARGUMENTATION THEORY /Doris Schroeder and Peter Herissone-Kelly -- THE USE OF EXAMPLES IN BIOETHICS /Harry Lesser -- MORAL INTUITIONS IN BIOETHICS /Harry Lesser -- TOWARD THE "FAIR USE" OF EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN ETHICAL ARGUMENTS: VACCINATION, MMR, AND DISAGREEMENT /Angus Dawson -- AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NORMAL FUNCTION MODEL AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT /Cathleen Schulte -- ON THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EUGENICS /Stephen Wilkinson -- THE GENETIC FALLACY AND SOME OTHER CONCERNS IN BEHAVIORAL GENETICS /Niall W. R. Scott -- EUGENICS: ENHANCING INDIVIDUALS OR POPULATIONS? /Niall W. R. Scott -- HARM, LAW, AND REPRODUCTIVE CLONING /Anna Smajdor -- AN ANALYSIS OF SOME ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST HUMAN REPRODUCTION /Matti Häyry -- DOES THE BABY-SELLING OBJECTION TO COMMERCIAL SURROGACY MISUSE IMMANUEL KANT? /Stuart Oultram -- PROZAC, AUTHENTICITY, AND THE ARISTOTELIAN MEAN /John McMillan -- THE CASE OF SELF-DEMAND AMPUTEES: A DILEMMA FOR PROFESSIONAL BIOETHICS? /Floris Tomasini -- ENZYME REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND THE RULE OF RESCUE /Mark Sheehan -- IS "THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH" A MISNOMER? /Peter Lucas -- CAN THE SUBJECT-OF-A-LIFE CRITERION HELP GRANT RIGHTS TO NON-PERSONS? /Lisa Bortolotti -- DETERMINING THE LIMITS OF JUSTIFIED PATERNALISM: IS MAXIMIZING AUTONOMY THE KEY? /Jane Wilson -- THE WHO OR WHAT OF STEVE: SEVERE INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS /Simo Vehmas -- ABOUT THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS -- INDEX -- VIBS.

Introduction -- A theory of autonomy -- The many faces of autonomy? -- Identification and autonomy : a tale of two concepts -- Decisive identification -- Autonomy and normativity -- Autonomy and choice -- Autonomy and constraint -- Autonomy, privacy, and patient confidentiality -- Autonomy and informed consent -- The value of autonomy in bioethics.

The problems of bioethics are embedded in people's lives and social worlds. They are shaped by individual biographies and relationships, by the ethos and institutions of health care, by economic and political pressures, by media depictions, and by the assumptions, beliefs, and values that permeate cultures and times. Yet these forces are largely ignored by a professional bioethics that concentrates on the theoretical justification of decisions.The original essays in this volume use qualitative research methods to expose the multiple contexts within which the problems of bioethics arise, are de

Building the next bioethics commission / Alexander M. Capron -- Individual capacity-building initiatives for national bioethics committees / Eugenijus Gefenas and Vilma Lukaseviciene -- What's the use : disparate purposes of U.S. federal bioethics commissions / Jenny Dyck Brian and Robert Cook-Deegan -- A broader bioethics : topic selection and the impact of national bioethics commissions / Jason L. Schwartz -- Reflections on the National Bioethics Advisory Commission and models of public bioethics / James F. Childress -- The virtues of national ethics committees / Jonathan Montgomery -- National bioethics commissions as educators / Lisa M. Lee -- The past, present, and future of Mexico's National Bioethics Commission / Manuel Ruiz de Chavez, Aidee Orozco, and Gustavo Olaiz -- Reflections on democratic deliberation in bioethics / Amy Gutmann and James W. Wagner -- Challenges working with presidential bioethics commissions / Ruth Macklin -- Making the choices necessary to make a difference : the responsibility of national bioethics commissions / Christine Grady -- Inclusion, access, and civility in public bioethics / Rebecca Dresser -- Ethical principles, process, and the work of bioethics commissions / Daniel P. Sulmasy -- Ripples : what to expect when you serve on a bioethics commission / Thomas H. Murray

This new, thoroughly recast Second Edition has been acclaimed as ""the most important book written since the beginning of that strange project called bioethics"" (Stanley Hauerwas, Duke University). Its philosophical exploration of the foundations of secular bioethics has been substantially expanded. The book challenges the values of much of contemporary bioethics and health care policy by confronting their failure to secure the moral norms they seek to apply. The nature of health and disease, the definition of death, the morality of abortion, infanticide, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicid

The world seems ever smaller and ever quicker: environmental, public health, industrial and cultural processes operate ever more on a global, rather than a local scale. Does this process, sometimes known as globalisation, draw us closer together, or drive us further apart, from a moral point of view? In recent years, bioethics has addressed many of the issues that arise in the context of globalisation: solidarity, conflict, and autonomy; human rights, liberty and toleration; the political and economic context of health care and inequalities in health; environmental and public health change. At the same time, bioethics has often been merely an agent of obscure political forces, and has been challenged for its emphasis on autonomy over considerations of justice. This study brings together scientists from the fields of medicine, law, and philosophy. The texts are the results of a conference the Europäische Akademie held in 2003. The group developed its thesis in open discussions of foundational and applied problems of bioethics from an interdisciplinary and international perspective. TOC:Introduction.- Cultural Rationality and Moral Principles.- Morality and Culture: Are Ethics Culture-Dependent?- Neither Golden Nugget nor Frankenstein. The Need to Re-embed Food Biotechnologies in Sociocultural Contexts.- Beyond GM Foods: Genomics, Biotechnology and Global Health Equity.- Patents on Biomaterials - A New Colonialism or a Means for Technology Transfer and Benefit-Sharing?- From the Corporeal to the Informational: Exploring the Scope of Benefit Sharing Agreements and their Applicability to Sequence Databases.- Access to Essential Drugs: Human Rights and Global Justice.- Access to Essential Drugs: The Ethical Challenge of Allocating Obligations.- Why is it Morally Wrong to Clone a Human Being? How to Evaluate Arguments of Biopolitics, Biomorality, and Bioethics.- Bioethics and (Public) Policy Advice