Suchergebnisse

IntroductionWe present a comprehensive picture of state requirements and recommendations for body mass index (BMI) and body composition screening of children and explore the association between pediatric obesity prevalence and state screening policies.MethodsResearchers completed telephone interviews with contacts at the departments of education for all 50 states and reviewed state content standards for physical education.ResultsTwenty states (40%) require BMI or body composition screening, and 9 states (18%) recommend BMI screening or a formal fitness assessment that includes a body composition component. The prevalence of adolescent obesity was higher in states that require BMI screening or fitness assessments with body composition than in states without requirements (16.7% vs 13.6%, P = .001).ConclusionFuture studies should evaluate the effect and cost-effectiveness of BMI and body composition screening on child obesity.

SummaryThis paper demonstrates that although modern BMIs in the US have increased, 19th century BMIs in Philadelphia were lower than elsewhere within Pennsylvania, indicating that urbanization and agricultural commercialization were associated with lower BMIs. After controlling for stature, blacks consistently had greater BMI values than mulattos and whites; therefore, there is no evidence of a 19th century mulatto BMI advantage in the industrializing North. Farmers' BMIs were consistently heavier than those of non-farmers.

AbstractIn recent years, studies show that obesity has become an important health condition, especially among adults. The first aim of this study is to examine socio-demographic and behavioural factors on body mass index distribution of male and female adults over 20 years old in Turkey. The second aim is to determine the body mass index disparity by gender and the socio-demographic and behavioural factors that might wider or narrow it. This study adopts unconditional quantile regression and decomposition methods, and the data set covers the Turkish Health Surveys for 2014, 2016, and 2019. The findings document that high level of body mass index are associated with being married, aging, and physical inactivity. Interestingly, employment status has different contributions on the body mass index of males and females. The results also claim a body mass index gap among males and females as a result of differences in some potential socio-demographic and behavioural factors, and the gap gets higher at the upper and lower quantiles of BMI distribution. This study may provide a clear understanding for policymakers on how to design efficacious obesity policies considering the differences in the effect of socio-demographic and behavioural factors on the distribution of body mass index across females and males. The results suggest that the Ministry of Health should specifically target different groups for males and females and should reduce the differences in socio-demographic and behavioural determinants between females and males to prevent and reduce obesity prevalence in Turkey.

Background: Various studies have shown that low body mass index co-relates with the severity of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The reduced body mass index in these patients is thought to be due to nutritional abnormality and raised circulating inflammatory markers. The study is aimed to find the association of body mass index with respiratory failure in patient with chronic obstructive pulmunory disease.Methods: 142 patients who attended emergency /out-patient-department in Sir Sundarlal Hospital from August 2018 to July 2020 were enrolled for the study. 81 patients in one group had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation with Type II respiratory failure. Among this group low and normal body mass index subgroup was categorized.61 patients in another group had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Non-invasive ventilation was applied to case group. Categorization of body mass index was done <18.5(Low BMI) and 18.5-24.9 (Normal BMI ). Results: The mean age of the study group was (63.53±9.021). There was a significant difference in the body mass index between the groups ( p=<0.001,t=15.40). Severity of respiratory failure was compared using ph and pco2 in the between the groups which showed no significant difference (p=1,chi square 0.000), (p=0.40,chi square=0.72) however it did affect the outcome.Conclusions: Our study shows that overall respiratory failure was common in low body mass index cases compared to Control. Nevertheless there was no difference among severity of respiratory failure among low and normal body mass index subgroups and however it did affect the outcome.Keywords: Brain natriuretic peptide; chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; non-invasive ventilation

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index, body mass index and blood pressure in a group of overweight cadets. The body mass index does not estimate adiposity as if it happens with the fat mass index. In turn, excess adiposity predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases Materials and methods: retrospective observational study. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation were applied. Results: 90 cadets with an average age of 22 ± 3 years and a body mass index of 27.3 ± 2 kg / m2 were part of the study. The fat mass index did not show significant differences between men and women: 7.62 ± 2.37 kg / m2 and 7.8 ± 2.3kg / m2 respectively (p: 0.38). In men, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was normal and without significant differences (p> 0.05). In men, diastolic blood pressure was related to absolute value of fat mass (r = 0.420 p 0.00) and to the fat mass index (r = 0.386 p: 0.00). In women, the fat mass index was related to the body mass index (r = 0.516 p = 0.00) and the systolic blood pressure was related to the waist circumference (r = 0.357 p: 0.03). Conclusions: in young military the body mass index ≥ 25 kg / m2, is not related to blood pressure and fat mass index, does not suggest overweight due to adiposity. ; Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal, el índice de masa grasa y la tensión arterial en un grupo de cadetes con sobrepeso. El índice de masa corporal no estima la adiposidad como sí sucede con el índice de masa grasa; a su vez, el exceso de adiposidad predispone el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se aplicaron estadísticos descriptivos y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: 90 cadetes con edad promedio 22 ± 3años y con índice de masa corporal de 27,3 ± 2 kg/m2, hicieron parte del estudio. El índice de masa grasa no presentó diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres: 7,62 ± 2,37 kg/m2 y 7,8 ± 2,3kg/m2 respectivamente (p: 0,38). En hombres, la tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica fue normal y sin diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). En los hombres, la tensión arterial diastólica se relacionó con valor absoluto de la masa grasa (r= 0,420 p 0,00) y con el índice de masa grasa (r=0,386 p: 0,00). En las mujeres, el índice de masa grasa se relacionó con el índice de masa corporal (r= 0,516 p= 0,00) y la tensión arterial sistólica se relacionó con la circunferencia de la cintura (r= 0,357 p: 0,03). Conclusiones: en jóvenes militares el índice de masa corporal ≥ 25 kg/m2, no se relaciona con la tensión arterial y el índice de masa grasa, no sugiere sobrepeso por adiposidad.

Background: Under nutrition, overweight and obesity are important determinants of health leading to adverse metabolic changes and increase the risk of non communicable diseases, with the adoption of western lifestyle the problem of overweight and obesity is gradually increasing in children and adolescents. With this background a school based cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of school going children of urban area Meerut City UP, India Methods: A school based cross sectional study was conducted. A total of 4202 school students (05-18 years) were examined from one government and one private schools that were selected by simple random sampling method. Pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the information on individual characteristics. Height and weight of the children were measured, BMI and other parameters were calculated. Results: On applying the BMI –for- age criteria 22.8% boys and 19.9% girls were found under weight while 04.1 % boys and 03.04 % girls were overweight , and 05.06% boys and 04.08% girls were found obese . 22.8% government and (16.00%) private school children were found under weight while 03.4 % government and 5.6 % private school students were overweight , and 03.8 % government and 11.8 % private school students were found obese . Conclusions: Proper dietary habits and lifestyle modification must be advised to children to prevent occurrence of under nutrition, overweight and obesity in them. Family environment plays important role in predisposing the children tounder nutrition, overweight/obesity and hence the interventions need to be directed towards the families.

The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism of the FTO gene (rs17817449) and the intensity of physical activity in relation to the BMI of subjects in the student population. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. 94 subjects stated that they were not physically active, 57 subjects were moderately physically active and 52 were intensely physically active. In the total sample, the risk allele G of the investigated polymorphism rs17817449 of the FTO gene had a lower frequency (41.8%) compared to the normal allele T (58.13%). Although a higher frequency of the risk allele G was found in the group of overweight subjects compared to the group with BMI < 25, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).