Suchergebnisse

The paper addresses the changes in the city administration after the Second World War related to the process of purge in the territory of southern Slovakia, which between 1938 and 1945 was ceded to Hungary. I intend to examine the changes in the city administration of Košice, a city located on the Hungarian–Slovak ethnic border. Its inhabitants were confronted with anti-Hungarian policies after the war, handled by the local authorities – the members of the Administrative Commission and the National Committee. These members possessed extensive competences concerning the confi scation of the property of "Germans, Hungarians, traitors and collaborators", land reform, the purge of public and political life, the establishment of national administrations, the restoration and reconstruction of the national economy and tasks in the social and health spheres. This also included legal measures against public and civil servants of Hungarian and German nationality, adopted by the Slovak National Council. In my research, I intend to answer a number of questions: How did the local authorities deal with the civil servants? Which civil servants were dismissed and which remained in place? What criteria were important for them to remain in their posts? Why did some of them continue to work for the city? In addition, how did the loyalty of these civil servants to the restored Czechoslovakia change?

The objective of this study was to investigate the practices and challenges of corruption in urban land governance in the case of Bole Sub-city Land Management Bureau of Addis Ababa City Administration. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection and analysis. Structured questionnaires and key informant interview guide were administered in data collection. 400 (Four Hundred) customers of the Bureau were sampled using simple random sampling technique. Whereas, non- random technique were used for selecting 8 key interviewees. Secondary data from annual report, performance reports, and different legislations were also used. Analysis was done using SPSS version .The findings characterizes the corruption within the Bureau as very deep rooted and challenging which evident from the greater portion of the respondents , the personal experience of corrupt act of their close persons, the greatest percentage of the respondents close person , the respondents believed that engineers of the Bureau were the most vulnerable to corruption, the greatest percentage of the respondent customers perceived the Bureau as the most corrupt bureau compared to other public service delivery offices within the sub-city. Corruption is so challenging within the sub city since the sub-city council is just a rubberstamp and not a true voice of the public which could not held the executive accountable. Empowering the sub city's council, making land laws accessible in a consolidated form , building strong institutional capacity of internal audit and undercover operation to detect the crime of corruption are the recommendations of this study.

In Ethiopia, MSE is one of the institution given recognition in the country's industry development plan, but despite its potential contribution to poverty reduction and employment creation, the gov- ernment until very recently, had not extended adequate support to the development of the sector Thus, this paper carried out with the objective of assessing the financial and operational determi- nant factors affecting MSE growth in Addis Ababa by measuring the key MSE's performance fac- tors of some selected enterprises who are working in Addis Ketema sub City Administration. In this research work descriptive type of research used, relevant data collected from primary and secondary data sources. Thus, the researcher concluded that business startup environment and registration process found to be simple and easy, but still there is confusion among MSE operators regarding VAT registration, getting TIN identification number and Certification of competency application. Enterprises considered these issues as challenging tasks that makes business startup in the sector very tough. Majority of MSE operators rated infrastructure access has not been im- proved and hugely affecting their performance; getting working premises is still a time consuming and challenging task for them. Credit access for MSEs is limited; institution involved in providing loan are also limited. This research work also revealed that higher interest rate for loan, higher collateral requirement of loan providers, short period of loan repayment and limited institutions willing to provide loan for MSEs well-thought-out as great challenges. This research work point out that existence of favorable MSE policy, access to finance, and access to working premises in support of appropriate business development service, managerial and technical skill backing will enhance MSE enterprise growth. The government has to work hard collectively to address the above-indicated constraints

Having seen its desperate importance and the great efforts of the government in achieving good governance, this study stands to assess governance in public institutions entitled "an assessment of the prevalence of good governance(Transparency, Responsiveness and Accountability) of Revenue Sector: the Case of Gullele Sub city of Addis Ababa City Administration" The main objective of the study is assessing how far good governance is prevalent in public sector institutions and the research was conducted on five public institutions in Gullele Sub city of Addis Ababa City Administration. The study employed qualitative research methodology and data was collected through questionnaire method and the data obtained both from civil servants and service users together with the information obtained through interviews from selected officials. The descriptive analysis revealed that institutions are striving to achieve good governance practically in their institutions. Based on the analysis conducted using three core elements of good governance namely: Transparency, Responsiveness and accountability, different achievements and failures were observed. Frameworks and mechanisms for good governance implementation are found ready. The necessity of engaging the society in full scale participation, the need for trainings, workshop, seminars on good governance, increasing implementing capacity of the institutions, the necessity of using different mass medias for good governance issues , struggling against corruptions are recommended for amending the failures in public institutions in their attempts to achieve good governance.

Local government is the tier of public authority that citizens first look to solve their immediate social problems. Among all the public institutions at local level, council has a special status and authority as local elected bodies. They are uniquely placed to provide vision and leadership to their local communities. They are able to make things happen on the ground where it really matters. The government of Ethiopia in general and Addis Ababa city administration in particular establishes council at different tiers of government as parliamentary control mechanism to ensure effective policy implementation, promote local democracy and improve service delivery. However, woreda councils in Addis Ababa city administration were not seen playing such role of democracy promotion. Moreover, studies conducted in regional woredas divulged that Woredas council have not yet managed to exercise sufficient local autonomy due to several reasons such as absence of clearly established legal mandate, lack of devolution of power, poor organization of the system and tight control and intervention by higher authorities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the challenges and prospects that woreda council at Addis Ababa city administration has faced in promoting democracy among grass-root people. It also examines the overall operations of the councils from the viewpoints of democratic government and decentralization In order to pursue the objective of the study the researcher use multi-stage sampling technique and relied on both primary and secondary data source. Primary data collected through questionnaires, interview and observations while secondary data obtained from document analysis like legislation on the issue, minutes and reports complied by counsel's office. It was found that problems prevailed in regional woreda councils are also impeded woreda councils at Addis Ababa City Administration. The internal working system of woreda councils reflected that executive domination is very soaring, and councils are not responsive to the needs of the community and most importantly democratic essence viz. accountability, transparency, participation and autonomy are not adhered principles in the councils conduct. Therefore, councils as they are impeded by the above-mentioned challenges are playing insignificant role in cultivating democratic value and improving the service delivery to the grass root people. Therefore, it is recommended that the internal working system of councils need to be very transparent, responsive, participatory and free from any unnecessary intervention. Councilors must be sensitive to public interest; legal back up from the city administration is also needed in order to make councils strong, autonomous and powerful. The field that councilors operating also should be open to all stakeholders as the democracy promotion works calls for the involvements of different actors

This research aims to seek better understanding on the empowerment of the public relations office following the restructuring conducted by Jakarta City Administration. Involving 11 respondents, the research utilizes qualitative research method with case study approach.The background issues in the research are as followed: (1) Why the role and function of public relations office at Jakarta Administration remain insignificant regardless of the restructuring; (2) What the public relations office's role and function are in the attempts to empower public relations following the restructuring; and (3) What the ideal pattern of the empowerment of government public relations office at Jakarta City Administration is. The research shows that (1) The restructuring has been quite efficient, but the public relations office has yet to be effective in promoting Governor's policies; (2) Following the restructuring, the public relations office has yet to be empowered optimally and is consdered weak in carrying out its tasks and function. The weakness was attributed to, first, the complicated problems and organizational structure at the Administration, as well as the ego of different institutions. Second, the slow service in providing public information due to the low pace of coordination between offices. Public relations officers do not have the full authority to dictate the Governor related to this public image. Third, public reltions is still positioned as technical support, instead of managerial or strategic position; (3) The Governor has high commitment in supporting public relations's function. It is up to the public relations office itself to implement it well; (4) The quality of human resourcs is subject to improvement through training or education ; (5) Public relations budget is still modest; and (6) The infrastructure to provide public information are readily available, suc as news website, hotline service and social media.

This study explores the role of Government Information Provision and Standardization Project in ensuring good governance. This is because according to the project office need assessment conducted on 2011 most of the sector organizations have problem on understanding right to information , information handling, organization and utilization therefore this study have investigated how the project office promote good governance and information provision on the city administration sector organizations. The study is descriptive type and has employed case study method for in depth investigation. The study was conducted on Addis Ababa city administration government information provision standardization project office and on six selected Addis Ababa city administration sector organizations. The cases are selected through purposive sampling and the respondents from the project office was selected by employing cluster and quota sampling whereas, the respondent from the sector organizations was selected through purposive sampling. The study has adopted qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, observation and document review techniques. In addition, descriptive and comparative case analysis method was used to attain the objectives of the study. The study findings indicate that the government information provision and standardization project office has contributed a lot in creating awareness about Right To Information by providing training for 4500 communication, ICT and PR officers of the sector organizations, and also it facilitated the use of alternative information provision alternatives by assisting information center establishment and website development on 34 and 47 sector organizations respectively. Besides, it has developed standards and manual for better improvement of government information provision. On other hand the sector organizations responses for the contribution of the project office varies sector to sector up on their understanding of the issue and acceptance of the project office

The objective of this study was to assess the practices, challenges and achievements of labor inspection with respect to the manufacturing and construction sectors in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa City Administration. To achieve this objective , a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa City Administration. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection and analysis.Structured questionnaires and key informant interview guide were administered in data collection. 220(Two hundred twenty) employees of the manufacturing and construction sectors were sampled using multi-stage sampling technique. Whereas, non- random technique were used for selecting 7 key interviewees. Secondary data from annual report, performance reports, and different legislations were also used. Analysis was done using SPSS version 24.The findings characterize the working condition in medium level enterprises of manufacturing and construction sectors in Bole sub-city as poor which is evident from unequal payment for the same kind of job,denial of annual leave , higher rate of occupational accident or disease,a shortage of safety equipment,untrained employees on the issue of occupational safety and accident , inability to unionize .And this poor working condition is the reflection of the sub-city's labor inspectorate which has not been equipped with sufficient, skilled and competent labor inspectors and which has been struggling with unmatched responsibilities and logistics to conduct labor inspection. On job training, well organized inspectorate ,emphasis on prevention, risk based inspection,, inspection based on wider participation and delegating inspection are the recommendations of this study.

BACKGROUND: Visual impairment is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age groups in Ethiopia, which is getting worse during pregnancy. Though visual impairment has lots of serious consequences across the life course of pregnant women, there is no previous study on this topic in Ethiopia. Thus, this study determined the prevalence of visual impairment and identified associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at the governmental health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables to collect the required data. Snellen's illiterate "E" chart was used to determine visual impairment. EpiData 3 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify associated factors of visual impairment. Variables with a p-value ≤0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant with visual impairment. RESULTS: A total of 417 (response rate = 98.6%) participants were involved in this study, with a median age of 27 years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5–26.6). Thirty (7.2%) and thirty-two (7.7%) of the study participants had moderate to severe visual impairments in their right and left eyes, respectively. Participants aged from 31 to 49 years (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), being 3rd trimester (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.5), multi & grand multipara (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6), and history of contraceptive use (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.3) had higher chance of visual impairment. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of visual impairment among pregnant women was high in the study area. Therefore, routine screening ...

Like in other countries, non-governmental and civil society actors are visible on the overall institutional landscape of Ethiopian society. Because of the specific contexts, compared to many other African countries, the Ethiopian NGO/CSO community is not that developed in terms of diversity, size and capacity. The NGOs perform various functions for the benefit of society. The range of NGO activities is huge and is spread in all fields. NGOs have a big responsibility to play to improve the livelihood of PWDs. The main objective of the study is to show and find out the roles and challenges of NGOs to improve the livelihood of PWDs in Kirkos Sub-city in case study of CE and FENAPD from NGO side towards improving the livelihood of PWDs by applying descriptive research method using purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected through interview and questionnaires from the selected NGOs managers, PWDs Lives in Kirkos Sub city and different stakeholder. The findings show that the roles being played by the NGOs towards improving the livelihood of PWDs is insignificant and inefficient comparing to the need and sensitivity of the issue due to lack of proper attention. And the roles being played by the selected NGOs is not have coordination with the government institution and it is difficult to know whether the role of NGOs complementary, supplementary and advisory because of insignificant role. NGOs like FENAPD despite the fact that there are limitations in their service and challenges that have much advisory role in the help of PWDs. And CE also despite of its challenge it has supplementary and complementary role to help PWDs. Finally, the study concludes that NGOs should and must give all the necessary attention to improve the livelihood of PWDs who are very vulnerable and who needs support, NGOs must work as complements to government in a partnership relationship the institutions must get all the necessary resource to conduct their tasks and NGOs also need to be encouraged to continue rendering service to PWDs in a consistent manner.

The informal economy plays an important, yet often overlooked, role in economy throughout the world. Informal activities can provide a much needed source of income for a great number of people. At the same time, informality motivated by regulatory distortions, tax evasion, or in the pursuit of illegal activities can be a development trap that deprives governments of needed funds and leaves participants without legal protection. The main aim of this study has been to assess the driving factors, transition intention and constraints of urban informal economy, the case of street vendors in Addis Ababa city administration. The informal economy is an important part of economic, social and political life in most developing, as well as some developed economies. To understand the contribution of informal economy to employment opportunity and GDP, several scholars have conducted researches on informal economy focusing on the causes and constraints at international and national level. This study used a qualitative research method. Questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to gather pertinent data for the study. The collected questionnaire survey data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. The researcher has taken 198 street vendors purposively for survey questionnaire and the sample size calculated using sample size determination formula for unknown population size. In-depth interview was also conducted with selected street vendors. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and tables are used to analyze and present the data. The study found that the main factors determining the reason in the informal sector are unable to fulfil criteria of formal sector and lack of capital to start formal business. Street vendors also have transition intension to formal sectors. The study reveals that informal sectors are source of income for the poor or means of employment and also it is a base for formal sector. This study shows that the majority of the street vendor's constraint was shortage of capital and low price for products. As recommendation, the government should give much emphasis on rural job opportunity for youth to reduce rural to urban migration and informal sectors. In addition, provide financing opportunity to those who do not have capital to start formal business.