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Lenin transposed Marx's analysis of capitalism from the advanced capitalist economies to the dependent colonial countries. He combined political economy, geopolitics, political organisation and a sociology of social structure to form an innovative revolutionary praxis. The expansion of Western capitalism shifted the social and political contradictions to countries moving from feudalism to capitalism. Lenin was correct in his appraisal of the social forces in support of a bourgeois revolution. But he provided an over-optimistic prediction for the disintegration of monopoly capitalism and only a partial analysis of the working classes in the advanced capitalist countries. His political approach requires a redefinition of countervailing forces and class alliances and a shift of focus from the semi-periphery to the 'strongest links' in the capitalist chain. A 'return to Lenin' is not to adopt his policies but a prompt to reinvent a socialist sociological vision derived from the expectations of the Enlightenment and Marx's analysis of capitalism.

"This book employs multiple case studies to explore how the Chinese communist revolution began as an ideology-oriented intellectual movement aimed at improving society before China's transformation into a state that suppresses dissenting voices by outsourcing its power of coercion and incarceration. Illustrating the continuity of the Chinese revolution and past decades' socialist practices and mechanisms, this study is an ideal resource for scholars of Chinese history, politics, and twentieth-century revolutions"--

Die im Kontext der aktuellen chinesischen Wirtschaftsreform vorgenommene Neudefinition des Stellenwerts kapitalistischer Elemente innerhalb des sozialistischen Wirtschaftssystems nimmt der Autor zum Anlaß, die historische Dimension der Sozialismus-Kapitalismus-Diskussion in China anhand der "Minbao"-"Xinmin conbao"-Kontroverse der Jahre 1905-1907 aufzuzeigen. In diesen Mitteilungsblättern spiegelte sich die Auseinandersetzung zwischen den Vertretern der Revolutionären Allianz ("Tongmenhui", ein Guomindang-Vorläufer), die ein als "minsheng zhuyi" bezeichnetes Sozialismuskonzept favorisierten, und Liang Qichao, einem reformorientierten konstitutionellen Monarchisten, der seine eigenen Vorstellungen zur Entwicklung Chinas verbreitete. (BIOst-Hml)