Suchergebnisse

This paper examines the ways in which Koreans wrote about Vietnam in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From viewing Vietnam as an object of curiosity during the Lê Dynasty or as an inferior tributary state during the Tây Sơn period, Koreans began to talk about Vietnam differently as the nineteenth century progressed. As the French gradually conquered and colonized Vietnam, and as Koreans sensed that their land was in danger of a similar fate, Korean government officials and intellectuals made repeated reference to Vietnam in their writings. Vietnam came to symbolize the fate that Korea faced if the right actions were not taken, and the image of Vietnam was thus conjured up by various peoples as they sought to promote their ideas. In the end, the image of Vietnam came to play an important role in the Korean efforts to find a path through the difficult years of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

The Maastricht Treaty (the "Treaty") first introduced the status of EU citizenship. The twentieth anniversary of the signing of the Treaty, marked in 2013, was declared the European Year of the Citizen. Union citizenship has been understood as the world's first post-national citizenship, although it is still complementary to national citizenships. EU citizens enjoy rights that have been expanded, modified, and reinterpreted in light of the EU integration process. The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has been a driving force in this process. This twentieth anniversary has provided the occasio for this special issue. Indeed, much has happened over the last two decades. The Maastricht Treaty entered into force on the heels of German reunification, and afterwards, a series of EU treaties followed: The Amsterdam Treaty, the Nice Charter of Fundamental Rights, the aborted constitutionalization process and the Rome Treaty in 2004, and the Treaty of Lisbon. The Euro took over former national currencies in 2002; the enlargement process led to today's twenty-eight Member States. But the ratio of this special issue is based on other events as linked to the 2008 financial crisis, bailouts, the fiscal compact, and similar measures. In a nutshell, the timeliness of this volume is linked to the current financial disarray. Since prognosis presupposes diagnosis, no further words are necessary as to the importance of this task. It is (almost) self-evident that before taking action and preparing for the future, one needs to address the very first question: Nosce te ipsum. ; Paper first presented at the conference European Citizenship: Twenty Years On http://europeancitizenship.se/