Edition and date on cover. ; "Hand-book of information for bankers, brokers bond dealers and investors, municipal, railway and street railway officials. Also a list of investors and investments showing the ownership of government, municipal, railroad, street railroad and miscellaneous securities held by financial institutions, sinking funds, endowment funds, etc. in the United States. Compiled from official sources by Curtis G. Harraman. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc. ; CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 78 S421-4 ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.
Testimony issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO discussed the Department of Energy's (DOE) requirements for protecting and controlling classified documents."
In their essay 'The End of Hypocrisy' (November/December 2013), Henry Farrell and Martha Finnemore argue that the biggest threat from leakers of classified information such as Chelsea Manning and Edward Snowden is that 'they undermine Washington's ability to act hypocritically and get away with it.' According to Farrell and Finnemore, the more than 750,000 diplomatic cables and incident reports leaked by Manning and the highly classified material disclosed by Snowden have provided 'documented confirmation ... of what the United States is actually doing and why.' Thus, the country will find itself 'less able to deny the gaps between its actions and its words ... and may ultimately be compelled to start practicing what it preaches.'. Adapted from the source document.
The purpose of the article is to compare the American evidentiary rule of "state secrets privilege" with the Polish regulation of Article 248 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This issue, in particular, gains importance in the light of legal changes that occurred in the USA and most developed countries in the aftermath of the 11th September 2001 attacks and the so-called "war against terrorism". The author presents the genesis and evolution of the privilege, the history of its application, as well as doubts which it has aroused in terms of civil rights. The American solutions make up a point of reference for the Polish regulations of the Code of Civil Procedure. A dogmatic analysis of Article 248 § 1 of the Code offers a broad platform for discussions about its compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as well as, noted legal loopholes in the law of civil procedure, in connection with the protection of classified information. The author underlines the fact that, after the regime transformation in Poland, the right to information gained the status of a public subjective right, but it had a very little impact on the shape of the civil process. He points to the implications of the fact that Polish legislators departed from the principle of objective truth in the process, for the sake of the principle of formal truth, commonly accepted in Western legal culture. ; The purpose of the article is to compare the American evidentiary rule of "state secrets privilege" with the Polish regulation of Article 248 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This issue, in particular, gains importance in the light of legal changes that occurred in the USA and most developed countries in the aftermath of the 11th September 2001 attacks and the so-called "war against terrorism". The author presents the genesis and evolution of the privilege, the history of its application, as well as doubts which it has aroused in terms of civil rights. The American solutions make up a point of reference for the Polish regulations of the Code of Civil Procedure. A dogmatic analysis of Article 248 § 1 of the Code offers a broad platform for discussions about its compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as well as, noted legal loopholes in the law of civil procedure, in connection with the protection of classified information. The author underlines the fact that, after the regime transformation in Poland, the right to information gained the status of a public subjective right, but it had a very little impact on the shape of the civil process. He points to the implications of the fact that Polish legislators departed from the principle of objective truth in the process, for the sake of the principle of formal truth, commonly accepted in Western legal culture.
The purpose of the article is to compare the American evidentiary rule of "state secrets privilege" with the Polish regulation of Article 248 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This issue, in particular, gains importance in the light of legal changes that occurred in the USA and most developed countries in the aftermath of the 11th September 2001 attacks and the so-called "war against terrorism". The author presents the genesis and evolution of the privilege, the history of its application, as well as doubts which it has aroused in terms of civil rights. The American solutions make up a point of reference for the Polish regulations of the Code of Civil Procedure. A dogmatic analysis of Article 248 § 1 of the Code offers a broad platform for discussions about its compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as well as, noted legal loopholes in the law of civil procedure, in connection with the protection of classified information. The author underlines the fact that, after the regime transformation in Poland, the right to information gained the status of a public subjective right, but it had a very little impact on the shape of the civil process. He points to the implications of the fact that Polish legislators departed from the principle of objective truth in the process, for the sake of the principle of formal truth, commonly accepted in Western legal culture. ; The purpose of the article is to compare the American evidentiary rule of "state secrets privilege" with the Polish regulation of Article 248 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This issue, in particular, gains importance in the light of legal changes that occurred in the USA and most developed countries in the aftermath of the 11th September 2001 attacks and the so-called "war against terrorism". The author presents the genesis and evolution of the privilege, the history of its application, as well as doubts which it has aroused in terms of civil rights. The American solutions make up a point of reference for the Polish regulations of the Code of Civil Procedure. A dogmatic analysis of Article 248 § 1 of the Code offers a broad platform for discussions about its compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as well as, noted legal loopholes in the law of civil procedure, in connection with the protection of classified information. The author underlines the fact that, after the regime transformation in Poland, the right to information gained the status of a public subjective right, but it had a very little impact on the shape of the civil process. He points to the implications of the fact that Polish legislators departed from the principle of objective truth in the process, for the sake of the principle of formal truth, commonly accepted in Western legal culture.
The purpose of the article is to compare the American evidentiary rule of "state secrets privilege" with the Polish regulation of Article 248 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This issue, in particular, gains importance in the light of legal changes that occurred in the USA and most developed countries in the aftermath of the 11th September 2001 attacks and the so-called "war against terrorism". The author presents the genesis and evolution of the privilege, the history of its application, as well as doubts which it has aroused in terms of civil rights. The American solutions make up a point of reference for the Polish regulations of the Code of Civil Procedure. A dogmatic analysis of Article 248 § 1 of the Code offers a broad platform for discussions about its compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, as well as, noted legal loopholes in the law of civil procedure, in connection with the protection of classified information. The author underlines the fact that, after the regime transformation in Poland, the right to information gained the status of a public subjective right, but it had a very little impact on the shape of the civil process. He points to the implications of the fact that Polish legislators departed from the principle of objective truth in the process, for the sake of the principle of formal truth, commonly accepted in Western legal culture.
The path from a professional in the field to a full-time employee in a respectable governmental organization is not easy. One of the very first challenges that the individual faces while wishing to get hired by The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) or any company which stores materials that can be described as classified information is that all professionals have to undergo scrupulous background checks. A method described in this paper explains in detail the backstage of how the determination of establishing security clearances happens and what measures the company takes in order to calculate whether or not the new hire has a need to know certain classified data. ; Yelyzaveta Rachenko is a respected scholar and is a specialist in aerospace cybersecurity.
Classified methods of obtaining information should be secured with a higher degree of caution and civil supervision. The paradox of Western democracies is that officially human rights are at the epicenter of the legal system, but in reality, covert techniques for obtaining data about citizens are complex and used to such an extent that they clearly disregard the universal right to privacy. In order to recognize the secret activity of intelligence services as compliant with the requirements of a democratic rule of law, there must be an adequate legal protection tools that will allow effective counteracting information arbitrariness. Meanwhile, the cases of recent years indicate the dominant trend of extending the sphere of competences of state services in the field of obtaining data (most often under the guise of ensuring security) with interference to the private domain of citizens.
