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The Paris Agreement on Climate Change, adopted in 2015 and ratified or acceded to by 192 states and the European Union (EU), marked a historic turning point on global climate action. Achieving the agreement's goal of limiting global warming to not more than 1.5 °C relative to the industrial era (1880-1900) will require a transformation of global energy systems, with the active participation and contribution of all actors in the economy. Many companies have pledged to reach netzero direct and indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050. This report analyzes such pledges by 35 companies across seven industries—oil and gas, mining, chemicals, utilities, cement, steel, and food processing—that jointly represent 64% of global GHG emissions on a direct emissions (scope 1) basis

We examine environmental factors as potential determinants of international migration. We distinguish between unexpected short-run factors, captured by natural disasters, as well as long-run climate change and climate variability. Building on a simple neo-classical model we use a panel dataset of bilateral migration flows for the period 1960-2000, the time and dyadic dimensions of which additionally allow us to control for numerous time-varying and time invariant factors. As a whole, we find little direct impact of climatic change on international migration in the medium to long run across our entire sample. Using the rate of urbanization as a proxy for internal migration we find strong evidence that natural disasters beget greater flows of migrants to urban environs.

1. Climate change : from science to policy -- 2. The development of Europe's climate policy (1986-92) -- 3. Momentum gathers : from Rio to Geneva -- 4. The Kyoto Protocol and beyond -- 5. From collapse to revival -- 6. Waiting for Russia -- 7. The Protocol enters into force -- 8. Heading towards success -- 9. The demise of the top-down approach -- 10. The EU as a negotiator in the climate regime.

Front cover -- About the author -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Author's Note -- Introduction & -- Summary -- Chapter 1. How the Climate Crisis Developed -- Chapter 2. How the Thesis of 'Equity and Survival' Came About -- Chapter 3. The Antithesis: The Efficiency of 'No-Regrets' -- Chapter 4. The Synthesis: Contraction & -- Convergence -- Chapter 5. The Rising Tide of Support for C& -- C -- Chapter 6. Framework versus Guesswork -- Chapter 7. Looking Back, Seeing Forward -- Open Letter to World Leaders-please sign -- References -- Resources -- Other Schumacher Briefings -- Coloured plates.

Climate Governance at the Crossroads chronicles how cities, provinces and states, citizen groups, and corporations around the globe are addressing the causes and symptoms of global warming. In introducing climate governance "experiments" and examining the development and functioning of this experimental world of climate governance, this book provides an exciting new perspective on the politics of climate change and the means to understand and influence how the global response to climate change will unfold in the coming years.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Section I: Background, Concepts, Overview -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Human Impact on Climate: The Evolution of an Awareness -- 3 Politics and the Air Around Us: International Policy Action on Atmospheric Pollution by Trace Gases -- 4 Grappling for a Glimpse of the Future -- 5 Statistics of Climate Change: Implications for Scenario Development -- 6 Impact Assessment by Analogy: Comparing the Impacts of the Ogallala Aquifer Depletion and CO2-Induced Climate Change -- Section II: Case Studies -- 7 Great Lakes Levels and Climate Change: Impacts, Responses, and Futures -- 8 The Rising Level of the Great Salt Lake: An Analogue of Societal Adjustment to Climate Change -- 9 Future Sea-Level Rise and Its Implications for Charleston, South Carolina -- 10 Institutional Response to Sea-Level Rise: The Case of Louisiana -- 11 Climate Variability and the Mississippi River Navigation System -- 12 Climate Variability and the Colorado River Compact: Implications for Responding to Climate Change -- 13 Climate Change and California: Past, Present, and Future Vulnerabilities -- 14 Analyzing the Risk of Drought: The Occoquan Experience -- 15 The Ogallala Aquifer and Carbon Dioxide: Are Policy Responses Applicable? -- 16 Public and Private Sector Responses to Florida Citrus Freezes -- Section III: Forecasting by Analogy -- 17 Summary.