Suchergebnisse

Background This paper is aimed at critically assessing the extent to which Non-Communicable Disease NCD-related policies introduced in Bangladesh align with the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2013–2020 Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of NCDs. Methods The authors reviewed all relevant policy documents introduced by the Government of Bangladesh since its independence in 1971. The literature review targeted scientific and grey literature documents involving internet-based search, and expert consultation and snowballing to identify relevant policy documents. Information was extracted from the documents using a specific matrix, mapping each document against the six objectives of the WHO 2013–2020 Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of NCDs. Results A total of 51 documents were identified. Seven (14%) were research and/or surveys, nine were on established policies (17%), while seventeen (33%) were on action programmes. Five (10%) were related to guidelines and thirteen (25%) were strategic planning documents from government and non-government agencies/institutes. The study covered documents produced by the Government of Bangladesh as well as those by quasi-government and non-government organizations irrespective of the extent to which the intended policies were implemented. Conclusions The policy analysis findings suggest that although the government has initiated many NCD-related policies or programs, they lacked proper planning, implementation and monitoring. Consequently, Bangladesh over the years had little success in effectively addressing the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. It is imperative that future research critically assess the effectiveness of national NCD policies by monitoring their implementation and level of population coverage

En: The Medical Department of The United States Army in the World War

BACKGROUND:Over the past two decades, international health policies focusing on the fight against the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and those diseases that address maternal and child health problems, among others, have skewed disease control priorities in China and other Asian countries. Although these are important health problems, an epidemic of chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in China has accounted for a much greater burden of disease due to the ongoing rapid socioeconomic and demographic transition.DISCUSSION:Although NCDs currently account for more than 80% of the overall disease burden in China, they remain very low on the nation's disease control priorities, attracting marginal investment from central and local governments. This leaves the majority of patients with chronic conditions without effective treatment. International organizations and national governments have recognized the devastating social and economic consequences caused by NCDs in low- and middle-income countries, including China. Yet, few donor-funded projects that address NCDs have been implemented in these countries over the past decade. Due to a lack of strong support from international organizations and national governments for fighting against NCDs, affected persons in China, especially the poor and those who live in rural and less developed regions, continue to have limited access to the needed care. Costs associated with frequent health facility visits and regular treatment have become a major factor in medical impoverishment in China. This article argues that although China's ongoing health system reform would provide a unique opportunity to tackle current public health problems, it may not be sufficient to address the emerging threat of NCDs unless targeted steps are taken to assure that adequate financial and human resources are mapped for effective control and management of NCDs in the country.SUMMARY:The Chinese government needs to develop a domestically-driven and evidence-based disease control policy and funding priorities that respond appropriately to the country's current epidemiological transition, and rapid sociodemographic and lifestyle changes. ; This item is part of the UA Faculty Publications collection. For more information this item or other items in the UA Campus Repository, contact the University of Arizona Libraries at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.

Abstract
Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) present an increasing global health challenge, particularly for settings affected by fragility where access to care may be disrupted, and where high-quality continuous care delivery is difficult to achieve. This study documents the complex dynamics of NCD prevention and management in the fragile setting of rural Beqaa, Lebanon.

Methods
Participatory system dynamics methods were used, including 30 semi-structured interviews and three Group Model Building (GMB) workshops. Participants included health care providers offering NCD care, and Lebanese host- and Syrian refugees community members affected by NCDs.

Results
Participants across all groups articulated a shared complex understanding of both the structural and direct determinants behind NCD onset. Lebanese and Syrian community members further identified several barriers to health seeking, including restrictions in health coverage, limited availability of services in the Beqaa and perceptions of poor-quality care. Health providers and community members described a health system overtly focused on disease control and overwhelmed by delivery of care to people living with NCD across both communities.

Conclusion
Participants across all groups agreed on the need for health promotion and primary prevention activities and identified priority interventions in these areas.

"This report presents a collection of stories describing how the Center and its many partners strive to build a strong global network that is prepared for infectious disease threats today and in the future." ; Protecting people on the home front -- Preventing the spread of disease at U.S. ports and land border crossings -- Preparing for threats today and tomorrow -- Our backbone: a strong network of laboratories and researchers ; "CS122641." ; Available via Internet from the National Center for Preparedness, Detection, and Control of Infectious Diseases web site as an Acrobat .pdf file (8.91 MB, 84 p.). Address as of 03/22/2010: http://www.cdc.gov/ncpdcid/pdf/center-report.pdf

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) works to support public health preparedness for all hazards, including natural, biological, chemical, radiological, and nuclear events. This work falls under one of the agency's overarching health protection goals: "People prepared for emerging health threats - people in all communities will be protected from infectious, occupational, environmental, and terrorist threats." CDC's inaugural report on public health emergency preparedness highlights the progress that has been made in state and local preparedness and response, identifies preparedness challenges that public health departments face and outlines CDC's efforts to address those challenges. Designed to increase transparency and accountability regarding the country's investment in preparedness activities, the report presents aggregate data as well as state-specific snapshots for all 50 states and four directly funded localities: Washington, DC; Chicago; Los Angeles County; and New York City. ; Executive summary -- Background -- Methods -- Section 1: Public health preparedness in the states and DC -- -- Section 2: Snapshots of public health preparedness in states and directly funded localities -- -- Appendix 1: Cooperative agreement funding -- Appendix 2: DHS national preparedness guidelines and priorities -- Appendix 3: Overview of CDC preparedness activities -- Appendix 4: Overview of ASPR preparedness activities -- Appendix 5: Data sources and methods -- Appendix 6: Category A and B biological agents ; "February 2008" ; This report was developed by the Coordinating Office for Terrorism Preparedness and Emergency Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Project team: Diane Caves . [et al.] ; Special thanks to Association of Schools of Public Health, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, Association of Public Health Laboratories, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, National Association of County and City Health Officials. ; Presented Feb. 20, 2008 at the Public Health Preparedness Summit held Feb. 19-22 in Atlanta, GA. ; Mode of access: Internet. (Arobat .pdf file: 12.55 MB, 164 p.).

We introduce a theoretical framework that contributes to the understanding of non-communicable chronic diseases' (NCDs) epidemics: even if NCDs are non-infectious diseases, they may spread due to the social transmission of unhealthy activities such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. In particular, we study the intergener- ational dimension of this mechanism. We find that, due to the social transmission of NCDs, agents choose lower health conditions and higher unhealthy activities than what is socially optimal. Taxes on unhealthy activities, that may subsidize health investments, can be used to restore the social optimum. Finally, our model is consistent with the existence of regional asymmetries regarding the prevalence of obesity and NCDs.

We introduce a theoretical framework that contributes to the understanding of non-communicable chronic diseases' (NCDs) epidemics: even if NCDs are non-infectious diseases, they may spread due to the social transmission of unhealthy activities such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. In particular, we study the intergener- ational dimension of this mechanism. We find that, due to the social transmission of NCDs, agents choose lower health conditions and higher unhealthy activities than what is socially optimal. Taxes on unhealthy activities, that may subsidize health investments, can be used to restore the social optimum. Finally, our model is consistent with the existence of regional asymmetries regarding the prevalence of obesity and NCDs.

We introduce a theoretical framework that contributes to the understanding of non-communicable chronic diseases' (NCDs) epidemics: even if NCDs are non-infectious diseases, they may spread due to the social transmission of unhealthy activities such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. In particular, we study the intergener- ational dimension of this mechanism. We find that, due to the social transmission of NCDs, agents choose lower health conditions and higher unhealthy activities than what is socially optimal. Taxes on unhealthy activities, that may subsidize health investments, can be used to restore the social optimum. Finally, our model is consistent with the existence of regional asymmetries regarding the prevalence of obesity and NCDs.

INTRODUCTION: Most sub-Saharan African countries endure a high burden of communicable infections but also face a rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Interventions targeting particular epidemics are often executed within vertical programmes. We establish an Adaptive Diseases control Expert Programme in Tanzania (ADEPT) model with three domains; stepwise training approach, integration of communicable and NCDs and a learning system. The model aims to shift traditional vertical programmes to an adaptive diseases management approach through integrating communicable and NCDs using the tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) dual epidemic as a case study. We aim to describe the ADEPT protocol with underpinned implementation and operational research on TB/DM. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The model implement a collaborative TB and DM services protocol as endorsed by WHO in Tanzania. Evaluation of the process and outcomes will follow the logic framework. A mixed research design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches will be used in applied research action. Anticipated implementation research outcomes include at the health facilities level for organising TB/DM services, pathways of patients with TB/DM seeking care in different health facilities, factors in service delivery that need deimplementation and the ADEPT model implementation feasibility, acceptability and fidelity. Expected operational research outcomes include additional identified patients with dual TB/DM, the prevalence of comorbidities like hypertension in patients with TB/DM and final treatment outcomes of TB/DM including treatment-related complications. Findings will inform the future policies and practices for integrating communicable and NCDs services. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was granted by The National Research Health Ethical Committee (Ref-No. NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/2988) and the implementation endorsed by the government authorities. Findings will be proactively disseminated through multiple mechanisms including peer-reviewed journals, and engagement with various stakeholders' example in conferences and social media.

by Justin M. Andrews. ; "Bibliographic list of publications prepared by MCWA--CDC personnel--1942-1946"--11 p. at end of paper.

Rawal, LB orcid:0000-0003-1106-0108 ; This report on the Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) is the sixth report presented by the Bangladesh Health Watch (BHW) on the state of health in Bangladesh. BHW, a civil society advocacy initiative since 2006 has been producing analytical reports on different issues that deserve priority attention of the government as well as non-government stakeholders who are committed to improve the health condition and health system of Bangladesh. So far five reports have been published. The first report focused on health equity (BHW, 2006); the second report on health workforce (BHW, 2007); the third report on governance of the health sector (BHW, 2009); the fourth report on universal health coverage (BHW, 2011); and the fifth report on urban health (BHW, 2014). All the BHW reports have attempted to present up-to-date data on the topic under discussion, analyze their policy and program implications and recommend long and short term actions. The reports were presented in public dialogues attended by policy makers program implementers, civil society advocacy groups, and development partners as well as media representatives. All BHW reports drew widespread media coverage, and generated discussion and debate about various policy and program options that need to be considered by all stakeholders.