Suchergebnisse

The production & transmission of knowledge in ancient Mesopotamia was intimately linked with the use of the cuneiform alphabet, which was used to transcribe several different languages, including Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Hurrite, & several others. The entire body of Sumerio-Babylonian knowledge was for three thousand years transmitted through the use of cuneiform, producing a vast body of written texts. Each of these texts is linked not only to the culture that produced it but also to the system of writing itself. The author argues that it is not an exaggeration to say that the basis of knowledge of this world was born with, & died with, the rise & fall of the cuneiform alphabet. 41 References. D. Knaff

Preliminary material -- INTRODUCTION -- TERMS OF SATISFACTION IN CONVEYANCE -- Ṭyb Lbby IN CONTEXTS OTHER THAN CONVEYANCE -- LIBBAŠU ṬĀB -- SEMANTIC EQUIVALENTS AND CONTRASTS -- THE EGYPTIAN ANALOGUES OF Ṭyb Lbby -- CONCLUSION -- ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA -- BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVATIONS -- GLOSSARIES -- CUNEIFORM TERMS -- OTHER -- SOURCES -- CUNEIFORM -- EGYPTIAN -- INDICES -- INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES -- INDEX OF MODERN SCHOLARS -- HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES (HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK).

This volume is the first English edition of the Nineveh Series on eye disease from the royal library of Ashurbanipal, 7th century BCE. It is the longest surviving ancient work on opthalmology, anticipating by centuries the Hippocratic treatise on the eye. The Nineveh series represents a systematic array of eye symptoms and therapies, also showing commonalities with Egyptian and Greco-Roman medicine.

Abstract
This article concerns how Armenian communities throughout the 1st millennium A.D. reinterpreted and redeployed cuneiform inscriptions originally carved in the Iron Age as meaningful traces of the local past. It focuses on the deliberate re-use by early Armenian Christians of Iron-Age stelae bearing Urartian cuneiform inscriptions in the region around Lake Van. Scholars have noted such re-use in passing since the 19th century A.D., but there has been no concerted effort to collect or interpret relevant evidence holistically. The article distinguishes several distinct trends in Armenian engagements with cuneiform (and hieroglyphic) inscriptions in their native territories over the course of the 1st millennium A.D. Combining literary and archaeological evidence, it contextualizes cases of re-use as clashes of historical consciousness, expressed via material culture, in dynamic situations of colonial contact and religious conversion.

This volume investigates the relationship between the central government and the provinces during the Ur III period (2112-2004 B.C.). Specifically, the book focuses on one system of taxation known as "bala," or "rotation," so called as provinces' payments rotated month by month throughout the year. This work is the first to take an interarchival approach, discussing Sumerian tablets from Umma, Lagash and Puzriš-Dagan, and is the first major synthesis of what has long been recognized as a fundamental institution. The book contains six chapters and detailed appendices (including charts, the edition of approximately 150 previously unpublished tablets and bibliographical material)

"Investigates the study of Sumerian by nonnative Akkadian speakers during the Old Babylonian period in areas outside major cities whose schools have been studied extensively. Provides transliterations and translations of 715 cuneiform school exercise texts"--

This thesis attempts to trace the circulation circuits of cuneiform mathematical tablets from the excavation sites where they were exhumed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, to the collections where they are preserved. Its purpose is to show the influence of the course of the tablets on (the conditions of) their study and publication. The circulation networks of mathematical tablets, like those of antiquities in general, are very complex and often opaque. The thesis analyzes this complexity and the factors that are involved. The first part examines the progressive establishment of legislation, the proliferation of illegal excavations, and the sharing among excavators. The second part deals with the role of merchants and private collectors, (and also with the networks to which they belong). A special place is given to a character with a central role in the circulation of mathematical tablets: the merchant Elias Géjou. The conclusion shows how the study and publication of the tablets, based on corpus artificially constituted within a collection or through several collections, depends closely on the history of the circulation networks of antiquities. ; Cette thèse tente de retracer les circuits de circulation des tablettes mathématiques cunéiformes depuis les sites des fouilles où elles ont été exhumées à la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle, jusqu'aux collections où elles sont conservées. Son but est de montrer l'influence du parcours des tablettes sur (les conditions de) leur étude et publication. Les réseaux de circulation des tablettes mathématiques, comme ceux des antiquités en général, sont très complexes, et souvent opaques. La thèse analyse cette complexité et les facteurs qui sont en jeu. Dans la première partie, sont examinés l'établissement progressif d'une législation, la multiplication des fouilles illégales, le partage entre les fouilleurs. La deuxième partie s'intéresse au rôle des marchands et collectionneurs privés, (ainsi qu'aux réseaux auxquels ils ...

This thesis attempts to trace the circulation circuits of cuneiform mathematical tablets from the excavation sites where they were exhumed at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, to the collections where they are preserved. Its purpose is to show the influence of the course of the tablets on (the conditions of) their study and publication. The circulation networks of mathematical tablets, like those of antiquities in general, are very complex and often opaque. The thesis analyzes this complexity and the factors that are involved. The first part examines the progressive establishment of legislation, the proliferation of illegal excavations, and the sharing among excavators. The second part deals with the role of merchants and private collectors, (and also with the networks to which they belong). A special place is given to a character with a central role in the circulation of mathematical tablets: the merchant Elias Géjou. The conclusion shows how the study and publication of the tablets, based on corpus artificially constituted within a collection or through several collections, depends closely on the history of the circulation networks of antiquities. ; Cette thèse tente de retracer les circuits de circulation des tablettes mathématiques cunéiformes depuis les sites des fouilles où elles ont été exhumées à la fin du 19e siècle et au début du 20e siècle, jusqu'aux collections où elles sont conservées. Son but est de montrer l'influence du parcours des tablettes sur (les conditions de) leur étude et publication. Les réseaux de circulation des tablettes mathématiques, comme ceux des antiquités en général, sont très complexes, et souvent opaques. La thèse analyse cette complexité et les facteurs qui sont en jeu. Dans la première partie, sont examinés l'établissement progressif d'une législation, la multiplication des fouilles illégales, le partage entre les fouilleurs. La deuxième partie s'intéresse au rôle des marchands et collectionneurs privés, (ainsi qu'aux réseaux auxquels ils ...

Remarks on the cuneiform tablets with texts of political treaties from Middle Bronze Age Tell Leilan (ancient Shehna/Shubat-Enlil), Syria.

Abstract
Cuneiform is one of the earliest writing systems in recorded human history (ca. 3,400 BCE–75 CE). Hundreds of thousands of such texts were found over the last two centuries, most of which are written in Sumerian and Akkadian. We show the high potential in assisting scholars and interested laypeople alike, by using natural language processing (NLP) methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), to automatically translate Akkadian from cuneiform Unicode glyphs directly to English (C2E) and from transliteration to English (T2E). We show that high-quality translations can be obtained when translating directly from cuneiform to English, as we get 36.52 and 37.47 Best Bilingual Evaluation Understudy 4 (BLEU4) scores for C2E and T2E, respectively. For C2E, our model is better than the translation memory baseline in 9.43, and for T2E, the difference is even higher and stands at 13.96. The model achieves best results in short- and medium-length sentences (c. 118 or less characters). As the number of digitized texts grows, the model can be improved by further training as part of a human-in-the-loop system which corrects the results.

This volume originates from a research project, which was funded within the PRIN program Writing Uses: Transmission of Knowledge, Administrative Practices and Political Control in Anatolian and Syro-Anatolian Polities in the 2nd and 1st Millennium BCE. The project involved 'research units' from different Italian universities (Torino, Pavia, Bologna, Firenze, Napoli - Suor Orsola Benincasa). The papers presented here, seek to fill some gaps in our knowledge of the Hittite Empire and its epigones, and offer an updated picture of some aspects of the Hittite and post-Hittite administration in Anatolia and Syria through the analysis and interpretation of epigraphic and archaeological evidence.

AbstractThe paper deals with an Aryan onomastic evidence in a Hittite cuneiform text concerning Išuwa, hitherto unnoticed. The author assumes the possibility of a mixed Hurrian-Aryan coexistence in this area, like in Mitanni, Kizzuwatna, and Syria-Palestine.