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WITHIN THE GERMAN ACADEMIC DEBATE ON NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, CONSERVATIVE POSITIONS ON ARMS-CONTROL ARE DISCERNIBLE, ALONGSIDE DEMANDS FOR MINIMAL DETERRENCE, WITH THE REMAINING NUCLEAR WEAPONS BEING PLACED UNDER INTERNATIONAL CONTROL AND DENUCLEARIZATION BEING CARRIED OUT ON A COOPERATIVE BASIS. THIS ARTICLE NOTES THAT THE POSITIONS OF THE NUCLEAR-WEAPONS STATES AND OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THE NON-NUCLEAR-WEAPON STATES, GERMANY, BETRAY A REMARKABLE AMBIVALANCE. IT EXPLORES THE GERMAN DEBATE IN PERSPECTIVE AND CONCLUDES THAT THE CAUSE OF THE UNCLEAR LINE TAKEN BY THE GERMAN DEBATE IS PROBABLY THAT THE GERMANS DO NOT REALLY KNOW WHAT THEY WANT.

THIS PAPER REVIEWS THE UNITED NATIONS SECOND SPECIAL SESSION ON DISARMAMENT HELD IN JUNE 1982. OPENING SPEECHES DREW ATTENTION TO THE FAILURE TO IMPLEMENT THE DISARMAMENT PROGRAM ADOPTED BY CONCENSUS AT THE FIRST SPECIAL SESSION IN 1978. PROPOSALS BY MEMBER STATES WERE DIVIDED INTO THREE PREDICTABLE GROUPS, SOVIET, AMERICAN, AND NONALIGNED. OTHER DIFFERENCES BETWEEN UNSSOD I AND II ARE ALSO DESCRIBED.

'REGRETTABLY, THE ARMS CONTROL AGREEMENTS HITERTO REACHED HAVE NOT HALTED THE ARMS RACE OR REDUCED THE MILITARY POTENTIAL OF STATES. IN MANY CASES, THE WEAPONS PROHIBITED HAVE HAD LITTLE, IF ANY, MILITARY IMPORTANCE, AND THE OUTLAWED ACTIVITIES HAVE NEVER BEEN SERIOUSLY CONTEMPLATED AS METHODS OF WAR. NEGOTIATIONS ON MEASURES WHICH COULD MAKE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE ARMS SITUATION IN THE WORLD HAVE STAGNATED FOR YEARS. THUS, DURING THE PAST DECADE, VERY LITTLE HAS BEEN DONE IN THE FIELD OF NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL, EVEN THOUGH THE REMOVAL OF THE THREAT OF NUCLEAR WAR IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST URGENT TASK OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.' SIPRI, AGREEMENTS FOR ARMS CONTROL: A CRITICAL SURVEY, 1982, P. 355. 1. DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATIONS - A DREAM THAT CAME FALSE EVERYONE CONCERNED WITH INTERNATIONAL SECURITY PROBLEMS KNOWS IT - DISARMAMENT AND ARMS CONTROL NEGOTIATIONS HAVE NOT HALTED THE ARMS RACE. IN A FEW CASES, NEGOTIATIONS AND AGREEMENTS MAY HAVE SLOWED DOWN THE RATE OF ARMAMENT, WHILE IN MANY MORE CASES THEY HAVE SIMPLY CONTRIBUTED TO QUALITATIVE BUILD-UPS IN WAYS BENEFICIAL TO THE NEGOTIATING PARTIES BUT HARDLY TO THE REST OF THE WORLD. AT THE SAME TIME, DISARMEMENT NEGOTIATIONS AND HOPED-FOR AGREEMENTS ARE CHARACTERIZED AS 'THE HOPE OF SURVIVAL OF MANKIND'. AND THE ONLY ONE, IT SHOULD BE ADDED. NEGOTIATIONS ARE SUPPOSED TO LEAD TO THE OVERALL GOAL OF GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT SUPPORTED, IN PRINCIPLE AT LEAST, BY VIRTUALLY ALL GOVERNMENTS OF THE WORLPY: 1983

Der Aufsatz will die grundlegenden Faktoren der sowjetischen Anschauungen über Verteidigung und Abrüstung beschreiben und die vitalen Aspekte der Außen- und Militärpolitik aufzeigen. Er beginnt mit einer historischen Analyse über die Entwicklung der russischen und sowjetischen Haltung zu diesen Fragen und über ihr Verständnis der internatioanlen Probleme. Er schildert die Ziele und Zwecke der sicherheitspolitischen Anstrengungen und erörtert den Einfluß dieser Faktoren auf das heutige sowjetische Denken. Dabei werden die Elemente der politischen Ideologie einbezogen, die trotz großer Unterschiede zum klassischen Marxismus eine wichtige Rolle in der gegenwärtigen Außen- und Verteidigungspolitik der UdSSR spielen. Er behandelt die Beziehungen zu den USA und die sowjetische Haltung zu Fragen von Verteidigung und Abrüstung in Europa. (BIOst-BwD/Hie)

THIS PAPER BRIEFLY REVIEWS THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE CONCEPT OF UNILATERAL DISARMAMENT AS THEY HAVE BEEN LAID AND BUILT UPON SINCE THE LATE 1950S, IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO ASK HOW THIS CONCEPT HAS BEEN RECEIVED AND DEVELOPED WITHIN THE NEW PEACE MOVEMENT. BOTH UNILATERAL DISARMAMENT AND UNILATERAL GRADUALISM ARE EXAMINED.