Suchergebnisse

Based on a chapter of the forthcoming book entitled, "Cuba, Castro and revolution," edited by Jaime Suchlicki.

"Considered one of the most important intellectuals in Latin American social thought, Ruy Mauro Marini demonstrated that underdevelopment and development are the result of relations between economies in the world market, and the class relations they engender. In The Dialectics of Dependency, the Brazilian sociologist and revolutionary showed that, as Latin America came to specialize in the production of raw materials and foodstuffs while importing manufactured goods, a process of unequal exchange took shape that created a transfer of value to the imperialist centers. This encouraged capitalists in the periphery to resort to the superexploitation of workers - harsh working conditions where wages fall below what is needed to reproduce their labor power. In this way, the economies of Latin America, which played a fundamental role in facilitating a new phase of the industrial revolution in western Europe, passed from the colonial condition only to be rendered economically "dependent," or subordinated to imperialist economies. This unbalanced relationship, which nonetheless allows capitalists of both imperialist and dependent regions to profit, has been reproduced in successive international divisions of labor of world economy, and continues to inform the day-to-day life of Latin American workers and their struggles. Written during an upsurge of class struggle in the region in the 1970s, and published here in English for the first time, the revelations inscribed in this foundational essay are proving more relevant than ever. The Dialectics of Dependency is an internationalist contribution from one Latin American Marxist to dispossessed and oppressed people struggling the world over, and a gift to those who struggle from within the recesses of present-day imperialist centers-nourishing today's efforts to think through the definition of "revolution" on a global scale"--

The purposes of the current study are (1) to conceptualize and test a social networking service (SNS) dependency measure and (2) to propose and test a general model of the effect of SNS dependency on online and offline interpersonal storytelling. This study is theoretically guided by media system dependency theory and communication infrastructure theory. Computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI) were conducted with 477 SNS users aged 19–59 in Seoul in October of 2012. Confirmatory factor analyses results showed that our SNS dependency measure was valid and reliable. The results also confirmed that SNS dependency had direct effects on individual users' levels of engagement with interactive activities on SNSs and indirect effects on offline interpersonal storytelling.

THIS PAPER EXAMINES HOW DEPENDENCY THEORY, DEVELOPED BY ANDRE FRANK AND WHICH ARGUES THAT THE THIRD WORLD CANNOT GROW WITHIN THE CONSTRAINTS OF THE CAPITALIST WORLD AND MUST BREAK OUT AND BE SELF-RELIANT WORKS IN A MAJOR EXPERIMENTAL GROUND FOR IT, KOREA. THE NORTH KOREA SYSTEM IS COMPARED TO SOUTH KOREA'S CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT. THOUGH NORTH KOREA DOES NEED TO DEPEND ON THE USSR FOR SOME THINGS, IT IS A BETTER MODEL FOR THE THIRD WORLD THAN SOUTH KOREA, WHOSE ECONOMY IS BUILT ON SAND.

The dependency perspective has become a major thrust, both in bourgeois and Marxist conceptions of development and underdevelopment in Latin America, but the distinctions between the two interpretations have been blurred. No unified theory of dependency yet exists, but a variety of theoretical tendencies tends to cluster in the literature on dependency. The discussion that follows differentiates between the bourgeois and Marxist interpretations by focusing on some fundamental weaknesses of dependency theory that emanate among those who utilize a Marxist analysis. In particular, there is concern that dependency theories ignore social classes and class conflict or that these theories tend to present mechanical schemes in which external rather than internal aspects are determinant. Further, it is argued that dependency theories are nationalist in ideology and advocate autonomous capitalist development rather than offering solutions or strategies for the transition from capitalism to socialism.

The article compares the recent history of economic growth in Botswana with Becker's model of "bonanza development". While the Becker model generally applies to Botswana, the case also manifests some areas of disagreement. "Bonanza development" in Botswana is characterized by continuation of dependency and related social inequalities. Perhaps the Botswana experience is described best as "dependent bonanza development". (DSE)