Suchergebnisse

The right to make autonomous decisions is enshrined in law. However, the question how persons with cognitive deficits can be enabled to make autonomous decisions has not been satisfactorily addressed. In particular, the concept of supported decision-making and its implementation into practice has been poorly explored for persons with dementia (PwD).This article describes the empirical development and implementation of support tools to enhance informed consent processes (so called enhanced consent procedures/ECP) for PwD on whether to undergo lumbar puncture. In the end of the process of pilot testing and further development of the tools, the following tools were defined: (1) Standardized Interview Structure, (2) Elaborated Plain Language, (3) Ambience and Room Design, (4) Keyword Lists, (5) Priority Cards, (6) Visualization, and (7) Simplified Written Informed Consent (Patient Information), as well as the general attitude (8) Person-Centered Attitude of the facilitator. As the development, implementation and evaluation of ECP tools is one objective of the transnational ENSURE project, we also include an overview of future empirical procedures. So far, our findings can serve as a selection of possibilities to support PwD in decision-making and help practitioners achieve an appropriate balance between the autonomy and protection of PwD in complex decision-making situation. Future studies should address the question if the proposed set of tools is effective to enhance informed consent processes in PwD.

Extended Curriculum Programmes (ECPs) have been in existence in Africa and Southern Africa since the late 1970s. Various needs for programmes exist, but the primary motivator in the current South African context is a transformative one. While many historically white institutions have either scaled down or closed their ECPs, the University of Pretoria runs several large ECP programmes with the largest one located on the Mamelodi Campus. The location of the campus in a township offers many opportunities for transformative community engagement. This article interrogates the ideological underpinnings of the ECP programmes and other activities offered at the Mamelodi campus as these have evolved from their genesis in the University of Pretoria's Foundation Year Programme in 2001. The article argues that a point has been reached where colour and ethnicity are no longer the only criteria for transformation, though the South African education system continues to be plagued by social inequality. Consequently, extended curriculum programmes need to serve the interests of the more disadvantaged section of the population, not the lower performing echelons of the more advantaged citizens, even though these may be black. The most recent government draft policy document provides possibilities for funding developmental interventions across the entire undergraduate education system but will require considerable sophistication in terms of pedagogy and curriculum design. The article concludes with a recommendation for a more responsive selection policy and curricula that provide a smoother transition into the programmes that students wish to access, including those with high barriers to entry.

This paper provides a comprehensive estimate of the societal costs of Taenia solium cysticercosis for the Eastern Cape Province (ECP), South Africa, as an objective measure of its impact in this endemic area. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of epilepsy, proportion of epilepsy cases due to neurocysticercosis (NCC) and consequences of cysticercosis were gathered from published and unpublished sources. Economical data were mostly obtained from governmental sources. Three methods were used for estimating productivity losses. Monte Carlo sampling was used to represent the uncertainty of the estimates with 95% Credible Intervals (95% CI). The estimation is for 1 year using a societal approach. All costs are reported in 2004 US$. Results Overall, there were an estimated 34 662 (95% CI: 17 167–54 068) NCC-associated cases of epilepsy in ECP in 2004. The overall monetary burden (in million of US$) was estimated to vary from US$18.6 (95% CI: US$9.0–32.9) to US$34.2 (95% CI: US$12.8–70.0) depending on the method used to estimate productivity losses. The agricultural sector contributed an average of $5.0 million. The prevalence of epilepsy, proportion of productivity reduction and the proportion of epilepsy cases attributable to NCC had the largest impact on the overall estimates. This preliminary estimate suggests that T. solium cysticercosis results in considerable monetary costs to a region that is already economically constrained. Because this infection is preventable, these results could guide stakeholders in deciding where to invest scarce health and agricultural resources in their countries.

We study the cost-effectiveness of a transferable emissions permit system (TEPS) vis a vis a system of emissions standards. Our analysis includes along with abatement costs, the costs of enforcing the system to induce compliance. Further, the analysis considers complete and incomplete information. The numerical simulations are performed for the case of fixed sources operating under the Emissions Compensation Program (ECP) in Santiago, Chile. The results suggest that a TEPS is not able to induce compliance at minimum enforcement costs, but this regulatory system allow the regulator to achieve the environmental target with minimum aggregate compliance costs.

Intro -- Book Title -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1-Introduction -- Scope and Methods -- Structure of the Book -- Notes -- 2-Early Socialist Thought in Egypt -- The Public Discourse on Socialism Following the Bolshevik Revolution -- Further Debate in Al-Ahram -- Notes -- 3-The Emergence of Organized Communism -- Joseph Rosenthal, the Workers, and the Emergence of Organized Communism -- Joseph Rosenthal: A Cause for Worry for the Authorities -- The Communist Branch in Alexandria -- The Cairo and the Communist Groups in the Pre-ESP Era -- Avigdor's First Mission to Egypt -- Notes -- 4-The Formation of the Egyptian Communist Party -- The Formation of the ESP -- Expansion and Institutionalization of the ESP -- Cairo vs. Alexandria: The Crisis of Relocation -- Ideological Fissures and Radicalization -- Pulling the Strings: The Comintern's Involvement -- The Rosenthal Affair: A Conspiracy Within the ESP? -- The Quarrels and Splits Continue -- The ECP's Inauguration Congress -- Al-'Urabi Does Not Back Off -- Toward a Crash -- Notes -- 5-In the Shadow of the Rosenthal Affair -- The Comintern's Evaluation of the ECP's Setbacks -- The Decline of Al-'Urabi's Image in Moscow -- The Intensification of the Battle Against Communism Under Zaghlul -- A Desperate Cry for Help -- The Banishment of Jewish Communists: The Rosenthal Saga Continues -- Notes -- 6-A Labyrinth of Intrigues and Betrayals -- Avigdor's Mission -- Working to Reorganize the ECP -- The CPGB Involvement: Crossley's Mission -- The Comintern's Formula of an Anti-Imperialist Bloc -- Otomsky's Group and the Cairo-Jeddah Axis -- Charlotte Rosenthal Takes Charge -- The Comintern's Emissaries to Egypt and the Decline of the ECP, 1926-1931 -- Reformulating the Comintern's Doctrine Following the Sixth Congress -- Revolutionary Situation! Where Is the Revolutionary Vanguard?.

Since the aftermath of the 1999 Kosovo Conflict, UNEP has addressed the environmental dimension of insecurities and turned to peacebuilding. This has been risky because it strays close to conflict prevention, identification, or resolution, which lie outside of UNEP's mandate. I argue that this change in approach results from knowledge creation. UNEP's experiences about the linkage between environmental degradation and insecurity in postconflict settings motivated its search for opportunities that would legitimize its contribution to postconflict peacebuilding. Seizing on the UN's Peacebuilding Architecture, UNEP established ECP and, through the program, aimed to develop environmental peacebuilding as a concern through three distinct but interrelated knowledge-building practices: knowledge collection, strategic interpretation, and implementation.

Submerged forward osmosis (FO) is of high interest for bioreactors, such as osmotic membrane bioreactor, microalgae photobioreactor, food or bioproduct concentration where pumping through pressurized modules is a limitation due to viscosity or breakage of fragile components. However, so far, most FO efforts have been put towards cross flow configurations. This study provides, for the first time, insights on mass transfer limitations in the operation of submerged osmotic systems and offer recommendations for optimized design and operation. It is demonstrated that operation of the submerged plate and frame FO module requires draw circulation in the vacuum mode (vacuum assisted osmosis) that is in favor of the permeation flux. However, high pressure drops and dead zones occurring in classical U-shape FO draw channel strongly disadvantage this design; straight channel design proves to be more effective. External concentration polarization (ECP) is also a crucial element in the submerged FO process since mixing of the feed solution is not as optimized as in the cross flow module unless applying intense stirring. Among the mitigation techniques tested, air scouring proves to be more efficient than feed solution circulation. However, ECP mitigation methodology has to be adapted to application specificities with regards to combined/synergetic effects with fouling mitigation ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement n◦ 600388 (TECNIOspring programme), and from the Agency for Business Competitiveness of the Government of Catalonia, ACCIO. LEQUIA and ICRA were recognized as consolidated research groups by the Catalan Government with codes 2017-SGR-1552 and 2017 SGR 1318, respectively

With the deployment of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands in July 2003, the former Howard Government initiated its robust new engagement with Australia's Pacific island neighbours. Interventions with an initial security focus have been portals to broader and ambitious state-building exercises. The quest to integrate security and development agendas lies at the heart of 'the new interventionism'. This article examines the evolution and character of this approach, as well as reviewing its implementation in the two case studies of Solomon Islands (RAMSI) and Papua New Guinea (ECP). It also discusses the significance for Australia/Pacific relations of the recent change of government in Canberra and the differences (and similarities) to be anticipated under Prime Minister Rudd's Labor Government.

With the deployment of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands in July 2003, the former Howard Government initiated its robust new engagement with Australia's Pacific island neighbours. Interventions with an initial security focus have been portals to broader and ambitious state-building exercises. The quest to integrate security and development agendas lies at the heart of 'the new interventionism'. This article examines the evolution and character of this approach, as well as reviewing its implementation in the two case studies of Solomon Islands (RAMSI) and Papua New Guinea (ECP). It also discusses the significance for Australia/Pacific relations of the recent change of government in Canberra and the differences (and similarities) to be anticipated under Prime Minister Rudd's Labor Government.

Con el fin de purificar el ADN genómico del fitoplasma que afecta a los Urapanes de Bogotá, se realizó introducción de fitoplasmas, utilizando la ectoparásita Cúscuta subinclusa, a plantas jóvenes de Urapán, a partir de árboles sintomáticos de fitoplasmosis presentes en la Universidad Militar. La presencia de fitoplasmas fue confirmada en 14 de los 16 Urapanes receptores por medio del test DAPI. Solamente el 12.5% de los Urapanes receptores fue positivo por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), con el par de primers universales para fitoplasmas R16F2n/R16R2. El producto de PCR obtenido a partir de amplificados de ADN de urapanes receptores con los primers R16F2n/R16R2 fue secuenciado y el análisis de la secuencia mostró similaridad entre el 99% y el 100% con fitoplasmas de distintos tipos. Se realizaron ensayos de Electroforesis de Campo Pulsado (ECP), con los sintomáticos de fitoplasmosis, pero no se obtuvieron bandas a pesar de que se utilizaron grandes cantidades de tejido. Con base en los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas moleculares, se concluyó que las plantas jóvenes de Urapán no son un buen reservorio para el aislamiento de ADN genómico de fitoplasmas. Se realizó introducción de fitoplasmas a plantas de Apio a partir de los Urapanes sintomáticos de la Universidad Militar, para tratar de encontrar un nuevo reservorio para el aislamiento de ADN genómico de fitoplasmas. Los Las plantas de apio infectadas resultaron positivas por PCR con el par de primers universales para fitoplasmas PhyRNAF3.3/R16R2. En los ensayos de ECP con Apio se obtuvieron bandas de aproximadamente 1125 Kb que se purificaron y se amplificaron por PCR con los primers PhyRNAF3.3/R16R2. El producto obtenido se mandó a secuenciar y se obtuvo similaridad del 99% con secuencias de tipo "Ash Yellows", incluidas dos secuencias reportadas en 2004 por el grupo de Biotecnología Vegetal de la Universidad Militar.

Vivir la colonia presupone un efecto profundo e ontangible conocido como colonialismo interiorizado, mentalidad colonial o colonialidad, el cual representa el más amplio espectro de dominación de los pueblos que pueda existir (Maldonado Torres, 2007; Osterhammel, 2002). En este artículo se presenta el proceso de construcción y validación de un instrumento estandarizado conocido como la Escala sobre Colonialismo para Puertorriqueños/as (ECP). El objetivo de crear esta escala fue el de tener un instrumento disponible para medir cuantitativamente la intensidad del colonialismo interiorizado entre las personas adultas puertorriqueñas y vincularlo a la posibilidad de futuras investigaciones en torno al tema. Además, se presentan la relevancia e implicaciones que tiene esta aportación para la educación y la práctica del Trabajo Social.

FLaReNet - Fostering Language Resources Network - is an EC eContentPlus Thematic Network (ECP-2007-LANG-617001) whose aim is to create a shared policy and to foster a European strategy in the field of Language Resources (LRs) and Language Technologies (LTs). The growth of the field in the last years should be complemented by a common reflection and by an effort that identifies synergies and overcomes fragmentation. The consolidation of the area is a pre-condition to enhance competitiveness at EU level and worldwide. By creating consensus among major players in the field, the mission of FLaReNet is to identify priorities as well as short, medium, and long-term strategic objectives, sustain international cooperation and provide consensual recommendations in the form of a plan of action for EC, national organisations and industry.

This article explores first-year Extended Curriculum Programme (ECP) students' multilingual practices in a university course where students have access to professionally translated technical terminology of the subject field. The study examines whether multilingual technical terminology—embedded in a dialogic teaching model—can contribute to students' epistemological and ontological access to the disciplinary content, and whether it can contribute to knowledge construction in a discipline by incorporating students' oral contributions of their lived experiences into the curriculum content. In order to answer the research questions, qualitative data were collected by transcribing, analysing and interpreting students' multilingual oral contributions on key political science topics. The findings of the study confirm that students' vernacular literacies can play an important role in providing epistemological and ontological access for students at university, and can contribute to authentic transformation and decolonisation of higher education.

Este artigo tem por objetivo comparar e analisar o impacto individual e combinado dos construtos Percepção de Suporte Organizacional e Capital Psicológico na Satisfação no Trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada com 304 profissionais de empresas públicas e privadas, com escolaridade mínima equivalente ao nível médio, de ambos os gêneros e idades variadas. O instrumento para coleta dos dados foi um questionário de autopreenchimento composto de três escalas: Satisfação no Trabalho (EST), Percepção de Suporte Organizacional (EPSO) e Escala de Capital Psicológico (ECP). Em termos metodológicos, assumiu-se abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram analisados por modelagem de equação estrutural pelo algoritmo dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS). Os resultados demonstraram que as variáveis Percepção de Suporte Organizacional e Capital Psicológico impactam positivamente a variável Satisfação no Trabalho, sendo que a Percepção de Suporte Organizacional exerce maior impacto na Satisfação do Trabalho do que Capital Psicológico.