Suchergebnisse

1. Introduction -- 2. Towards Analytic Coherence in Assessing Economic Development Policy Making: Special Reference to African Countries -- 3. Building the Capacity for Domestic Resource Mobilization in African Countries -- 4. Regional Economic Integration in Africa and Intra-Regional Trade -- 5. The Export Challenges for African Countries.

This chapter extends the analysis of urban-rural relationships by the use of case studies. Through these studies more detailed information on processes and relevant policy initiatives are presented which complements the analysis undertaken at NUTS3 level. As urban-rural relations do not coincide with administrative boundary systems, analyses based on datasets organised according to such systems can only provide limited insights into the processes underlying and shaping urban-rural relationships. The case studies are representative of the different categories identified in the typology of urban-rural characteristics (presented in Chapter 3) and they address three different themes: · socio-economic diversification, · territorial interdependence and · land use profitability. The first two deal mainly with functional relations while the third deals primarily with structural and power relations. Table 4.1 summarises the location of each case study in a matrix based on the area types and the three themes. The findings of the two first case study themes are presented in the subchapters 4.1 and 4.2 – and summarized in 4.3. The questions of land-use profitability and urban sprawl are dealt with in Chapter 5. The case studies were prepared by project partners and some subcontractors, as well as by the two observing partners1. The case studies can be accessed at the website2 of the project. Some key features of the cases are presented in Annex 7. The case studies undertaken for this project build on the research undertaken for the Study Programme on European Spatial Planning (SPESP)3. The final report from the SPESP project identified several dimensions of economic, socio-cultural and political transitions which were considered to be underpinning changes in contemporary urbanrural relationships. These are summarised in Table 4.2.[.] ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Macao's economic prosperity until recently had been dramatic thanks to astonishing expansion of the gaming and tourism sector. However, Macao's casino revenue growth came to a halt in the second half of 2008 due to the twin blow of a deteriorating global economy and Mainland China's imposition of tighter visa restrictions on Chinese visitors to Macao. Gross gaming revenue contracted 12.7 per cent in the first quarter of 2009 and GDP consequently dipped 12.9 per cent. Yet the current break in the gambling and tourism-led boom will give the territory a much needed breathing space in which to re-examine its economic growth pattern. A potential driver of growth could be the rise of more diversified tourism with leisure and business conventions likely to be the focal point. (CIJ/GIGA)

The objectives of this paper are first, evaluating economic, social and environmental effects on oil extraction in Ecuador during the last 41 years, and second, discussing prospects to achieving a sustainable and equitable development path in the future, in the context of declining oil reserves. The current government is pursuing an extractivist policy, based on expanding oil extraction in formerly unexploited fields -including those inside the Yasuni National Park- and starting largescale mining exploitation. Two future options will be evaluated, first, an expansion of extractive activities, and second an alternative based on conservation, with sustainable use of natural resources (e.g. ecotourism, agroforestry, bio-knowledge), without expansion of oil field expansion and mining.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on bloomsburycollections.com. This volume brings together new contributions from renowned academic scholars, from experts on economies in transition and from the United Nations, the European Union, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development as well as other international agencies. It aims to answer fundamental questions and spell out policy options to address the challenges for economies in transition. The volume includes comparative studies focusing on all transition economies, including Central and Eastern Europe, as well as regions such as Western Balkans and the Commonwealth of Independent States.