Suchergebnisse

This book argues that the world is witnessing the formation of a global jurisprudential apartheid despite the promotion of democracy, equality, human rights, and humanitarianism. The contributors examine global organisations to analyse the ways in which globalization upholds and contributes to global inequities.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Table of Cases -- Table of Statutes -- Table of Regional and International Instruments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Interpretation of Kenya's 2010 Constitution -- I. The Transformative Nature of Kenya's 2010 Constitution and its Effect on Constitutional Interpretation -- II. Constitutional Interpretation under the Previous Kenyan Constitution -- III. Interpretation of Kenya's 2010 Constitution -- IV. Conclusion -- 3. Multiple and Competing Conceptions of Equality -- I. Historical Overview of Inequalities and Discrimination in Kenya -- II. What Understandings of Equality are Encapsulated in Article 27 and Related Provisions of the Constitution? -- III. To What Extent Does the Constitution's Equality Guarantee Advance Transformative Constitutionalism? -- IV. Conflicting Interpretations of Equality in Recent Case Law -- V. Conclusion -- 4. Grounds for Non-discrimination -- I. Laying the Background -- II. The 2010 Constitution's Inclusion of a Non-exhaustive List of Grounds and the Court's Role in Expanding the List of Grounds -- III. What Considerations are or Should be Taken into Account in Expanding the List of Grounds for Non-discrimination in Article 27(4)? Lessons from Canada and South Africa -- IV. Do Kenyan Courts in Current Cases Apply the Identified Requisites When Considering Unenumerated Grounds? Should They? -- V. What Do the Principles Unifying the List of Grounds Reveal About the Underlying Approach to Equality in the Constitution? -- VI. Conclusion -- 5. Conceptualisation and Application of Affirmative Action -- I. Affirmative Action Measures in the Kenyan Constitution -- II. Aims of Affirmative Action as Evident from Constitutional Provisions -- III. Determining the Beneficiaries - Principle of Genuine Need.

This book uses case studies of Argentina, Brazil, and Peru to examine the impact of gender quotas in Latin American politics. Through careful analysis of electoral data it sheds light on issues of interest to policymakers and scholars in the fields of comparative politics, electoral studies, Latin American politics, and women and politics.

From European Union non-discrimination law towards multidimensional equality law for Europe / Dagmar Schiek -- Is European Union equality law capable of addressing multiple and intersectional discrimination yet? Precautions against neglecting intersectional cases / Ruth Nielsen -- Multidimensional equality from within : themes from the European Convention on Human Rights / Oddný Mjöll Arnadóttir -- Positive rights and positive duties : addressing intersectionality / Sandra Fredman -- Intersectionality scope and multidimensional equality within the European Union : traversing national boundaries of inequality? / Ulrike M. Vieten -- Stigma : a limiting principle allowing multiple-consciousness in anti-discrimination law? / Iyiola Solanke -- Multi-dimensional exclusion : viewing Romani marlinglisation through the nexus of race and poverty / Morag Goodwin -- From single to multidimensional policy approaches to equalities : the example of contract compliance / Michael Orton and Peter Ratcliffe -- Utility-based equality and disparate diversities : from a Finnish perspective / Kevät Nousiainen -- Comparative approaches to gender equality and non-discrimination within Europe / Susanne Burri and Sacha Prechal -- Multidimensional equality in the Czech and Slovak Republics : the case of Roma women / Kristina Koldinska -- French legal approaches to equality and discrimination for intersecting grounds in employment relatins / Sylvaine Laulom -- Multipe equality claims in practice of the Norweigna anti-discrimination agencies / Hege Skjeie -- The headscarf debate : approaching the intersection of sex, religion, and race under the European Convention on Human Rrights and EC equality law / Titia Loenen -- Religion, ethnicity and gender in the Danish headscarf debate / Lynn Roseberry -- Religion and equality in Germany : the headscarf debate from a constitutional perspective / Ute Sacksofsky.

The purpose of the study is to carry out a critical legal analysis in the application of equality before the law in law, this being a right recognized and protected by national and international standards, as established in Article 2, Subsection 2 of the Magna Carta, is also included in Article 7 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights ; El estudio tiene como propósito realizar un analizar crítico jurídico en la aplicación de la igualdad ante la ley en el derecho, siendo este un derecho reconocido y amparado por la norma nacional e internacional, como lo establece el Artículo 2, Inciso 2 de la carta magna, también es recogido en el Art. 7 de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos.

1. Introduction to class act -- 2. Class act in class discrimination -- 3. Class act in the United nation's -- 4. Class act in Australia and New Zealand -- 5. Class act in Africa and South Africa -- 6. Class act in Canada, Mexico, and the United States -- 7. Class act in the North American Free Trade Agreement -- 8. Class act in the United Kingdom and Ireland -- 9. Class act in the European Union -- 10. Conclusion to class act.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface: Toward Consideration of the Rhetorical Culture of Equality -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction: The Story of Equality -- Part One: The Rhetorical Foundations of American Equality -- 2. The British Rhetoric of Revolt, 1760-1774 -- 3. The Anglo-American Revolutionary Rhetoric, 1774-1789 -- 4. The African-American Rhetoric of Equal Rights, 1774-1860 -- Part Two: Rhetorical Integrations -- 5. Separate But Equal, 1865-1896 -- 6. Integrated Equality, 1896-1960 -- 7. The New Equalities, 1960-1990 -- Afterword -- Research and Bibliography Essay -- Appendix: Reference List of Newspapers and Magazines -- Notes -- Index.

What do we mean when we refer to people as being equal by nature? In the first book devoted to human equality as a fact rather than as a social goal or a legal claim, John Coons and Patrick Brennan argue that even if people possess unequal talents or are born into unequal circumstances, all may still be equal if it is true that human nature provides them the same access to moral self-perfection. Plausibly, in the authors' view, such access stems from the power of individuals to achieve goodness simply by doing the best they can to discover and perform correct actions. If people enjoy the same

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I General/Theoretical Aspects -- 1 Variations on the Principle of Equality in International and EU Law -- 1.1 Sovereign Equality as a Structural Principle of the Old International Order -- 1.2 From Formal Equality to an Attempt to Introduce "Compensating Inequalities" -- 1.3 Some Examples of Rebalancing: Tailored Obligations, Rights and Responsibilities -- 1.4 Missed Opportunities? Regression of Egalitarian Claims in the Global Era -- 1.5 EU Anti-discrimination Law: Equality as Non-Discrimination … -- 1.6 … and as Equal Treatment -- 1.7 The 'Indifference towards Difference' in the European Neo-Liberalism of the 21st Century -- 1.8 Managing Equality and Diversity-The 'Weaker' Party in EU Private International Law -- References -- 2 Sovereign Inequality and Struggles for Equality -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Origins, Rationale and Theories -- 2.3 Sovereignty -- 2.4 Different Meanings of Sovereign Equality -- 2.4.1 Equality of Statehood or Personality -- 2.4.2 Equality of Representation -- 2.4.3 Equality of Rights or Obligations -- 2.4.4 Equality of Legal Protection -- 2.4.5 Equality of Contribution to the Formation of International Law -- 2.4.6 Equality Inherent in the World System -- 2.4.7 Equality of Non-interference -- 2.4.8 Equality of Strength -- 2.5 The Dynamics of Sovereign Equality -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Equality of States and Mutual Membership in European Union Law: Contemporary Reflections -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 On "Red Lines", Equality, and Member States' Prerogatives -- 3.3 Judicial Unilateralism, Equality, and Authority of EU Law -- 3.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II Equality of States and International Organizations in International and EU Law.

Kok-Chor Tan addresses three key questions in egalitarian distributive justice: Where does distributive equality matter?; Why does it matter?; And among whom does it matter? He argues for an institutional site for egalitarian justice, and suggests that the mitigation of arbitrariness or luck is the basis for distributive commitments. He also argues that distributive obligations are global in scope, applying between individuals across borders. Tan's objectives are tripartite: to clarify the basis of an institutional approach to justice; to establish luck egalitarianism as an account of the ground of equality; and to realize the global nature of egalitarian justice. The outcome is 'institutional luck egalitarianism'-a new cosmopolitan position on distributive justice.