Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- A Note on Transliteration -- Glossary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Women's Movement in its Historical Context -- 3 The Boom in Women's Education -- 4 Autonomous Minds and Bodies in Theory and Practice: Women Constructing Cultural Identities and Becoming Visible through Art -- 5 Women and Employment -- 6 Women, Gender Roles, Media and Journalism -- 7 Women Working as Judges and Making Judicial Decisions -- 8 Women and Executive Power -- 9 Women in the Parliament -- 10 Women and the Environment: A Politico-Environmental Experience -- 11 The Iranian Women's Movement in its Regional and International Context -- 12 Conclusion: Women's Movements and Democracy Movements in Iran

Research on party responsiveness in established democracies suggests that parties follow shifts in the preferences of either the general electorate or party supporters. Drawing on theoretical models of party competition and research on party-voter congruence, we argue in this article that in the 21st century Western European mainstream parties respond to their partisan constituents. Parties adjust their policy positions to eliminate previous incongruence between themselves and their constituents and follow the shifts in supporters' positions. Analyses based on a series of datasets that use expert surveys and election surveys to measure parties' positions and several cross-national and national surveys to measure voters' preferences between 1999 and 2014 strongly support the argument that mainstream parties respond to existing incongruence. The findings in this article update many of the empirical results of prior studies on party responsiveness to public opinion shifts, with important ramifications for our understanding of party-based representation in contemporary European democracies.

This study identifies the main factors influencing Euro-Mediterranean relations at the start of the twenty-first century. This assessment will also highlight the main stakeholders within today's debate on the future of Euro-Mediterranean relations and focus on their main interests in this region. This analysis also focuses on the main strategic visions and political undertakings that have been proposed to foster closer co-operative relationships within and across the Euro-Mediterranean area. This assessment of relations in the Euro-Mediterranean region will also provide a forecast of geo-strategic scenarios that are most likely to develop in the region and indicate the key factors that are likely to influence different trends in future relationships. ; peer-reviewed

This book examines Iran and its position in the contemporary world. It contains chapters on social developments in the country including gender relations, contemporary politics, international relations, relations with the US and Israel, nuclear weapons and energy programmes, oil and the development of the economy.

"This compendium on Europe's military situation is written by leading analysts of military studies representing every major nation of Europe. Also included are three overview chapters that set the tone for this volume. These chapters - Martin Shaw on the evolution of a ""common risk"" society, Christopher Dandeker on the military in democratic societies, and Wilfried von Bredow on the re-nationalization of military strategy - provide an introduction to the work.Although the Cold War is now two decades removed from Europe, the challenges of transition to new defense systems and institutional structures still confront those who plan the future for military establishments. The country studies as well as the final analysis of the trends and probable future developments in Europe should be required reading throughout the national security structure for politicians and decision makers seeking to understand the dilemmas facing European militaries and the societies they defend.The chapters cover a wide range of nation's. Jean Callaghan, Christo Domoztov, and Valery Ratchcev examine the Bulgarian armed forces after the 1997 elections and Marie Vlachova and Stefan Sarvas review civil-military relations in the Czech Republic. Janos Szabo studies the defense sector in Hungary. Adriana Stanescu sees Romania as a case of delayed modernization. Vladimir Rukavishnikov studies the military in post-communist Russia. Paul Klein and Jurgen Kuhlmann review the German armed forces in the context of a peace dividend. Bernard Boene and Didier Danet consider France and the post draft situation. Marina Nuciari and Giuseppe Caforio consider the Italian military in a democratic context. Jan van der Meulen and his colleagues look upon the Netherlands military as a case study in post-modernization. The final contribution summarizes lessons learned in assessing the contemporary civil-military complex."--Provided by publisher.