Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Collection -- Summary -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. The European accounting system -- 1.1. The European System of Accounts (ESA): general view -- 1.1.1. From ESA 1995 to ESA 2010 -- 1.1.2. General structure of sector accounts -- 1.2. Government sector and its subsectors -- 1.2.1. Government units -- 1.2.2. The subsectors of general government -- Chapter 2. The European budgetary rules -- 2.1. The fundamental treaties -- 2.1.1. The Maastricht Treaty -- 2.1.2. The Amsterdam European Council and the Stability and Growth Pact -- 2.2. The hardening of the European budget rules after the crisis -- 2.2.1. The Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance -- 2.2.2. The deepening of the SGP by development of the secondary legislation -- Chapter 3. A diverse Europe in front of unified rules -- 3.1. The budgetary European Union, between unity and diversity -- 3.1.1. Unity of implementation of the Treaty on Fiscal Compact -- 3.1.2. Diversity of national context -- 3.2. The respect of rules in concrete terms and its meaning -- 3.2.1. National deficits under control -- 3.2.2. The EU, tool of financial preservation of next generation means -- Chapter 4. The European budget -- 4.1. A complex budgetary framework -- 4.1.1. Legal bases and main principles -- 4.1.2. The Multiyear Financial Framework and resources of the European budget -- 4.2. A budget limited and concentrated on two main policies -- 4.2.1. The annual budget, procedure, resources and expenses -- 4.2.2. The EU, a dwarf from a budgetary standpoint -- Chapter 5. Perspectives post 2020 for the EU -- 5.1. A large range of theoretical scenarios -- 5.2. A pragmatic approach for the MFF post 2020 -- 5.2.1. The EU budget, reflection of European ambitions -- 5.2.2. The European budgetary issue raised by the Brexit.

IF POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION BEYOND THE NATION-state is to prevail in the future, as it well might, what is to be the nature of relations between and among supranational units or regional blocs? Will such relations buttress or endanger world peace? To such broad questions there are no answers. But to a derivative set of more specific questions, which probe the same kinds of concerns, we can attempt answers. We can ask, and hope to discover, for example, how newly integrated units behave in their external relations, and we can also ask why they behave as they do. From this we can postulate a world of super-units successively entering the international system, and then perhaps say something about the impacts that such entrances are likely to make. While an exercise of this nature could be carried out simply for the sake of expanding theoretical knowledge, it could also be put to very practical and immediate use in lending perspective on the external relations of the European Communities and the impacts of the EEC on world affairs. This last, and most practical concern, is the object of this paper.

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in International Peacekeeping on 21 August 2018, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13533312.2018.1511374 . ; Contrary to most debates about state formation, this article outlines an alternative perspective on the shaping of political community – and the international peace architecture – based on the agency of actors engaged in peaceful forms of politics after war. Drawing on long-standing critical debates, it investigates the positive potential of 'peace formation', outlining the theoretical development of this new concept as a parallel process and often in opposition to modern state formation with which it is often bound up. It also examines the limits of peace formation and its engagement with old and new types of power and conflict. This perspective on the formation of political order has implications for the international peace architecture and its evolution, including in terms of a shift from analogue to digital form of peace.

Contrary to most debates about state formation, this article outlines an alternative perspective on the shaping of political community – and the international peace architecture – based on the agency of actors engaged in peaceful forms of politics after war. Drawing on long-standing critical debates, it investigates the positive potential of 'peace formation', outlining the theoretical development of this new concept as a parallel process and often in opposition to modern state formation with which it is often bound up. It also examines the limits of peace formation and its engagement with old and new types of power and conflict. This perspective on the formation of political order has implications for the international peace architecture and its evolution, including in terms of a shift from analogue to digital form of peace.

Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 The New European Order -- 2 Europe and America in the 1990s -- 3 NATO and the New European Security Architecture -- 4 Responding to Post-Cold War Disorder: Instability in the Balkans -- 5 Peacekeeping and the Politics of Intervention -- 6 NATO and the East European Security Dilemma -- 7 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Index.

The years of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic conquest of Europe revealed an undeniable conjunction between international war and internal revolution, a combination which both repelled and attracted contemporary and successive generations. Represented in this volume, originally published with a new introduction in 1972, are excerpts from five eminent Europeans who lived, wrote and worked in the shadow of that awesome reality. Though their attitudes toward war and revolution differ sharply, the observations of Saint-Simon, Gentz Hugo, Mazzini and Considerant reflect the responses of a wide range of committed and thoughtful Europeans.