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This article presents a study of Charles Dickens's gender-based use of speech verbs. The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate that gender is one dimension of variation in the way in which Dickens constructs characters through their ways of speaking, thereby reinforcing the well-established antagonistic representation of male and female character types in his fictional universe. The article focuses on the 130 verbs identified in his fourteen complete novels, more than half of which (73) are associated exclusively, or almost exclusively, with either male or female figures. As will be shown, the systematic use of these gender-marked verbs reveals different personality traits that trigger information about both genders, thus contributing to their dichotomous characterisation. The analysis will also shed further light upon the dominant Victorian ideology concerning the representation of gender in fiction.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to gain increased knowledge about gender diversity and innovation in mining by analyzing how women are discursively represented in relation to these two concepts, and in doing so establish how diversity management is received and communicated in the industry.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on analysis of texts including references to gender diversity and innovation in mining found on the web. The tool used to retrieve the data has been WebCorpLive, a tool designed for linguistic analysis of web material.FindingsAlthough increased female representation is communicated as a key component in the diversity management discourse, based on the idea that diversity increases innovation and creativity, closer analysis of texts on diversity and innovation in mining shows that what women are expected to contribute with has little explicit connection with innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes with increased knowledge about diversity management by providing an example of how it is received in a traditionally male-dominated industry.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that for diversity management to have a real effect in mining, it needs to be based on gender equality and social justice motives, rather than on a business case rationale – the principal motive today. To enable this change, stereotypical gender patterns, as shown in this study, need to be made visible and problematized among policy makers, practitioners and actors on all levels of the industry.Originality valueThe study contributes with new knowledge about gender in the mining industry previously not attended to by using a method which so far has been sparsely used in discourse analysis, although pointed out as promising.

The pharmacological addition syndrome which integrates the complex factors involved in maintenance of smoking as a behaviour, has led to many attempts to find aneffective cessation treatment, either through replacement therapy or through behavioural programmes or a combination of both. Research carried out by the Wessex branch of Operation Smokestop, a project providing training, support and research for community‐based self‐help stop‐smoking groups, reveals that the problem may now be more fruitfully examined through a social and political framework. Such influences may prove to have more bearing on the suggested gender‐based differences in smoking and cessation than that of nicotine alone. Women smoke as a way of dealing with their daily lives. Health and addiction worries result in their greater numbers of attempts to stop smoking. Significant drops in prevalence for women are not found since they are more likely to relapse through their dependence and because girls are taking up smoking at a greater rate than boys. Women are not smoking more to be more like men but because they feel powerless and unable to change their cultural, social and political and economic environments. The results are based on 516 Smoking Patterns test questionnaires which produce a picture of an individual's smoking motivations based on seven factors.

If we look at the status of women in a particular society, we can get a fair idea about its social organization and its standard. Violence against women is a challenge against the right to equality and an extreme form of violation of human rights. From ancient times to the modern era, women face discrimination, exploitation, and violence in every walk of their life, and this phenomenon is prevalent across all borders. Every civilized society tries to protect its members both in public and private spaces with the help of a set of laws and rights. Hosts of laws and beneficial legislation enacted to ameliorate women's condition have failed to achieve the desired purpose due to the presence of several factors. Thus mere enactment of laws will not serve the desired purpose until they are effectively implemented and assertively claimed by women. This paper presents an analysis of the various forms of violence that women face throughout their life and lacunas in the laws made for dealing with them. It analyses the extent to which the women favoring laws in India and Indonesia prevents the frequency of their occurrence along with some recommendations for bringing about changes on this situation.

This manuscript analyzed Gender disparities in Uganda including asset ownership and employment as well as Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) and their persistence in Uganda. The study used a descriptive design with secondary data obtained from Uganda Bureau of Statistics-UBOS (2019). The study established that women are going through a lot of physical and sexual violence, and few of them are owning assets in spite of the efforts made by Government of Uganda and development partners. The study recommended need to increase on awareness in order to fight gender discrimination within the Uganda.

Episodes of ideological concern related to honour norms and construction of social meanings depicted through paintings are pertinent in foregrounding the social realities of Pakistan. This paper analyzes the grammar of paintings from the perspective of gender roles assumed in the context of honour. The grammar of the visual design of five paintings painted by male and female Pakistani painters belonging to different areas of Pakistan have been qualitatively studied in the light of the social semiotic framework suggested by Kress and Leeuwen (2006). The results show that women are represented as helpless, outcast and oppressed beings; while men have been depicted, indirectly through signs, as oppressors. Paucity of research in this area and implications of the analysis for gender studies, anthropological linguistics, violence studies and visual literacy, make it a significant contribution to the existing literature.

This book brings together some of the most interesting and innovative work being done to tackle gender-based violence in various sectors, world regions, and socio-political contexts. It will be useful to development and humanitarian practitioners, policy makers, and academics, including gender specialists.

This article analyzes the behavior of gender indicators on the economic, physical, and decision-making autonomy of Latin-American women, based on data compiled and published in 2020 by the Gender Equality Observatory of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), for 17 countries. Using the HJ-Biplot multivariate technique, it is concluded that the three evaluated areas interact with each other, in such a way that they cannot be interpreted in isolation because their relationships and interdependencies explain the differences in the participation of men and women in the socioeconomic and political environment of the nations in the region. Additionally, it is concluded that in countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Bolivia, and Ecuador, greater public policy actions are required to seek the economic empowerment of women; while in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, laws are necessary to regulate violence against women. It is necessary to continue promoting gender equality in the region as a determinant factor in methodological frameworks and transformational policies to enable moving towards the construction of sustainable societies and economies.

This article analyzes the behavior of gender indicators on the economic, physical, and decision-making autonomy of Latin-American women, based on data compiled and published in 2020 by the Gender Equality Observatory of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), for 17 countries. Using the HJ-Biplot multivariate technique, it is concluded that the three evaluated areas interact with each other, in such a way that they cannot be interpreted in isolation because their relationships and interdependencies explain the differences in the participation of men and women in the socioeconomic and political environment of the nations in the region. Additionally, it is concluded that in countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Bolivia, and Ecuador, greater public policy actions are required to seek the economic empowerment of women; while in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, laws are necessary to regulate violence against women. It is necessary to continue promoting gender equality in the region as a determinant factor in methodological frameworks and transformational policies to enable moving towards the construction of sustainable societies and economies.