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This fascinating volume brings together leading specialists, who have analyzed the thoughts and records documenting the worldviews of a wide range of pre-modern societies.: Presents evidence from across the ages; from antiquity through to the Age of Discovery; Provides cross-cultural comparison of ancient societies around the globe, from the Chinese to the Incas and Aztecs, from the Greeks and Romans to the peoples of ancient India; Explores newly discovered medieval Islamic materials

Medieval and Byzantine studies in Bulgaria in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries : historiographical introduction / Vassil Giuzelev -- Religious aspects of medieval state ideology in the European southeast / Georgi Bakalov -- The Byzantines as imagined by the medieval Bulgarians / Petar Angelov -- The relations between the Ottoman conquerors and the Balkan states in the 1370s -1380s : typological aspects / Hristo Matanov -- Byzantine fortresses to the south of the Hemus Mountain in the light of coin finds from the last decades of the sixth century / Yordanka Yurova -- The foundation of the Bulgarian state in Bulgarian medieval historiography / Miliyana Kaimakamova -- The "Avar costume" versus the skaramangion : symbolism of the male aristocratic dress in Bulgarian, ninth-tenth centuries / Liliana V. Simeonova -- The perception of the Bulgarian past in the court of Preslav around 900 AD / Angel Nikolov -- St. Peter (927-969), tsar of the Bulgarians / Ivan Biliarsky -- Patronage and monastic geography in Bulgaria in the late ninth and tenth centuries / Rossina Kostova -- The Du Cange catalogue / Vasilka Tapkova-Zaimova -- The first two centuries of the archbishopric of Ohrid / Iliya Iliev -- What do we know abut the Athonite Slavs in the Middle Ages? / Cyril Pavlikyanov

The name of Bernhard Blumenkranz is well known to all those who study the history of European Jews in the Middle Ages and in particular the history of Jewish-Christian relations. Blumenkranz was born in Vienna in 1913; he left for Switzerland during the war and obtained a doctorate at the University of Basel on the portrayal of Jews in the works of Augustine. He subsequently moved to France where his numerous publications revived and renovated the field of Jewish studies. The international group of scholars who wrote the fifteen essays in this volume, beyond paying homage to Blumenkranz's work, trace the trajectories of various lines of inquiry that he initiated: Christian theology of Judaism, problems of conversion and proselytism, geography and topography of Medieval Jewish communities, the representation of Jews in Christian art. These essays provide both an assessment of Blumenkranz's intellectual legacy and a snapshot of the evolution of the field over the last sixty years.

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The name of Bernhard Blumenkranz is well known to all those who study the history of European Jews in the Middle Ages and in particular the history of Jewish-Christian relations. Blumenkranz was born in Vienna in 1913; he left for Switzerland during the war and obtained a doctorate at the University of Basel on the portrayal of Jews in the works of Augustine. He subsequently moved to France where his numerous publications revived and renovated the field of Jewish studies. The international group of scholars who wrote the fifteen essays in this volume, beyond paying homage to Blumenkranz's work, trace the trajectories of various lines of inquiry that he initiated: Christian theology of Judaism, problems of conversion and proselytism, geography and topography of Medieval Jewish communities, the representation of Jews in Christian art. These essays provide both an assessment of Blumenkranz's intellectual legacy and a snapshot of the evolution of the field over the last sixty years.

Abstract
Space is a ubiquitous and essential dimension of human existence, so much so that it is often taken for granted. In what has been dubbed the "spatial turn," Western scholars in geography, philosophy, history, literature, and other disciplines have tried to reorient critical perspectives in order to account for the importance of space to humanity. Meanwhile, space/place has been a fairly prominent subject in the study of medieval China. This essay contrasts Western general and local theories and Sinological studies to show their divergent and overlapping concerns. The juxtaposition illustrates how Western theories of spatiality can help open up new possibilities for Sinological studies of medieval China. Meanwhile, such engagements can also enhance the relevance of Sinological studies of medieval China to the developments in broader academia and beyond.

This volume represents the culmination of a decade of investigation of the cult of St. Clement in Scandinavia and England. Perusing it will be valuable not only for those interested in medieval Scandinavian, English, and Viking history, but for any who may wonder why one should bother to study the cult of saints in the first place. Crawford's work demonstrates the variety of political, economic, and environmental meanings the dedication of a church to a particular saint could convey. In the case of St. Clement, who died by drowning, the legend of his martyrdom gave him clear maritime associations, and he has often been thought of as an appropriate patron saint for sailors and merchants.

Climate, culture and weather / Georgina H. Endfield and Lucy Veale -- Learning to say Phew instead of Brrr: social and cultural change during the British summer of 1976 / Ian Waites -- On the home front: Australians and the 1914 drought / Ruth A. Morgan -- Extreme weather and the growth of charity: insights from the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Royal Benevolent Society, 1839-1860 / Cathryn Pearce -- The temporal memory of major hurricanes / Cary J. Mock -- May God place a bridge over the River Tywi: interrogating flood perceptions and memories in Welsh medieval poetry / Hywel M. Griffiths, Eurig Salisbury and Stephen Tooth -- Remembering in God's name: the role of the church and community institutions in the aftermath and commemoration of floods / Alexander Hall -- The ice shards are gone: traditional ecological knowledge of climate and culture among the Cree of the Eastern James Bay, Canada / Marie-Jeanne S. Royer -- Post-scripting extreme weather: textuality, eventhood, resilience / Vladimi Janković and James R. Fleming.

Abstract
Multidisciplinary research (including magnetic survey, earth resistance survey, geological mapping, detailed archaeological surface survey and geochemical prospection) was undertaken on an area of about 0.7–9.0 hectares (depending on the method) in the close surroundings of the medieval ring-fort relicts in central Poland. The geophysical studies of the vicinity of the Rozprza ring-fort were part of a multi-method complementary non-destructive archaeological survey. The ring-fort is situated in the Luciąża River (Vistula River basin) valley floor and the flood plain morphology is very important for the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions of settlement location. Results of aerial photographs and geophysical prospection allowed the discovery of traces of sub-fossil palaeomeanders of different sizes as well as relicts of archaeological features (system of ramparts and moats). It was possible due to the application of high resolution archaeo-geophysical surveys. Both natural structures and also anthropogenic features registered with geophysics have been verified by geological sounding. The surface geology structure of the close vicinity of the ring-fort has been recognised in detail and selected organic deposits of palaeochannel fills and overbank covers have been 14C dated. The Rozprza ring-fort was situated in a defensive location on the surface of a sandy terrace remnant in the central part of a (partly) swampy valley floor. The accumulation of recorded fills of palaeochannels and moats covers the whole Holocene, as documented by 14C data. It gives the possibility for future detailed palaeoenvironmental studies. The results of geophysical studies, due to their known precise location, allow the effective planning of further research activities, both archaeological and palaeoenvironmental.

"The Routledge Handbook of Identity and the Environment in the Classical and Medieval Worlds explores the various ways in which environment was considered to define and shape ethnicity and identity, taking its cues from developments in early natural philosophers and historical ethnographies. Defining 'environment' broadly to include not only physical but cultural environments, natural and constructed, the volume includes contributions on a diverse range of topics that address the multifarious ways in which environment was understood to shape culture and physical characteristics of peoples as well as the ways in which the ancients manipulated their environments to achieve a desired identity. The volume includes studies not only of the Greco-Roman world, but also ancient China and the European, Jewish and Arab inheritors and transmitters of classical thought. In recent years work in this area has been confined mostly to the discussion of texts that reflect an approach to the barbarian as 'other.' This volume takes the discussion of ethnicity on a fresh course. The theories represented in this volume contextual the concept of the barbarian within rational discourses such as cartography, medicine, and mathematical sciences, an approach that allows us to better see the more varied and nuanced approaches to ethnic identity that abounded in antiquity. The innovative and thought-provoking material in this volume realise new directions of study for identity in the Classical and Medieval worlds"--Provided by publisher

Stuart Elden's The Birth of Territory relies heavily on political theorists and lexical analysis; this chapter argues that the Church and clerics had an important impact Elden overlooked. Late medieval parishes and bishoprics had contiguous borders, fiscal and administrative procedures and powers, their own jurisdiction, and their own hierarchy. A bishop had, in a sense, his own territory. The chapter first discusses general ideas of geography and the specific Christian geography of two important mid-fifteenth-century clerics: (the later) Pope Pius II and Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa. It then highlights the importance of parishes and bishoprics as typical structural elements of ecclesiastical 'territories'. Finally, it provides detailed analysis of the territorial features of the creation of new bishoprics in the Low Countries in 1559.

Stuart Elden's The Birth of Territory relies heavily on political theorists and lexical analysis; this chapter argues that the Church and clerics had an important impact Elden overlooked. Late medieval parishes and bishoprics had contiguous borders, fiscal and administrative procedures and powers, their own jurisdiction, and their own hierarchy. A bishop had, in a sense, his own territory. The chapter first discusses general ideas of geography and the specific Christian geography of two important mid-fifteenth-century clerics: (the later) Pope Pius II and Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa. It then highlights the importance of parishes and bishoprics as typical structural elements of ecclesiastical 'territories'. Finally, it provides detailed analysis of the territorial features of the creation of new bishoprics in the Low Countries in 1559.

PUBLISHED ; Palaeoclimatic data are used to track the significant changes in atmospheric circulation patterns and weather conditions that affected Ireland between 1000 and 1500CE. How these climatic developments and associated shifts in the epidemiological environment were mapped onto Irish society is explored using a tree-ring chronology reflecting the retreat and advance of oak woodland. Years characterised by significant weather-related food scarcities are identified from the Irish Annals in combination with the independent record of English chronicles, grain yields and prices. Between the thirteenth and the fifteenth centuries the experience of the two countries is shown to have diverged. It is suggested that in late-medieval Ireland scarcity heightened the resort to violence and was from 1348 often a proximate cause of plague outbreaks. In combination, scarcity, violence and plague helped entrap fifteenth-century society in a low-level equilibrium of sparse population, economic under-development, scarcely disguised poverty and low resilience to natural hazards.

"This study uses place-names to suggest the major routes in use in early medieval England. Many Roman roads existing by the fifth century are known. Some fourteenth century routes in existence can be deduced from the Gough map of c.1360, and seventeenth century routes from Ogilby's road atlas of 1675. Between the fifth and fourteenth centuries there is little information about routes except in scattered charter boundary references. Here it is suggested that this gap can be partially filled using place-name evidence. Certain names such as Stratton, Drayton and Compton occur consistently by Roman roads and a few other old routes but rarely elsewhere. A string of such names along a route suggests that it was in use. Hythe and Eaton indicate waterways in use. The needs of travellers, possible destinations and how such a naming system may have arisen is considered."--From publisher Web site, 28 February 2014