Suchergebnisse

La tesis titulada "Salario emocional y desempeño laboral en trabajadores del D.L. N° 728, municipalidad distrital de La Banda de Shilcayo, 2019." tuvo como objetivo, establecer la relación entre el salario emocional y el desempeño laboral en trabajadores del D.L. N° 728, de la municipalidad distrital de la banda de Shilcayo, 2019. El estudio fue de tipo básica no experimental, transversal de nivel correlacional, la muestra estuvo conformada por 39 colaboradores de la municipalidad distrital de la Banda de Shilcayo pertenecientes al decreto legislativo N° 728. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, cuyo instrumento fue el cuestionario con 18 ítems para la variable salario emocional y 22 ítems para la variable desempeño laboral. Los resultados de la investigación mostraron que el nivel del salario emocional en trabajadores del D.L. N° 728 de la municipalidad distrital de la Banda de Shilcayo,2019., es en un 43.6% "Bajo", el 33.3% "Medio" y el 23.1% "Alto". La principal conclusión fue que no existe relación significativa entre la variable Salario Emocional y la variable Desempeño Laboral en los trabajadores del D.L. N° 728 de la municipalidad Distrital de la Banda de Shilcayo, 2019. El proceso de estadística aplicada nos muestra que TEXP (0,50) y TTAB (±1.69), tomando como decisión: Si TExp TT entonces se rechaza H0, de lo contrario se acepta H0.

This research was aimed to find the relationship between students' ecological intelligence and Pro-Environmental behavior on mangrove ecosystem material. The populations of this research were Salamahu Junior School students, and the sample was the fourth-grade classes which randomly chosen. The result were showed that rcalculated = 0,761 dan rtable = 0,3338. Therefore 0,761 > 0,3338 so H0 accepted which means there is a positive relationship between variable X and Y. Significant point correlation (2-tailed) was 0,000 < 0,05 which means between ecological intelligence and pro-environmental behavior there is a significant's relationship.

This paper examines the impact of smoking regulations on restaurant employment in West Virginia, a state with a high rate of smoking prevalence. Using a confidential establishment‐level dataset, our results suggest that smoking bans reduced restaurant employment by between 0.7 and 1.5 workers, depending on model specification. We find that smoking restrictions have heterogeneous impacts across establishments, with the largest impacts on mid‐sized establishments, defined as those with 10–29 employees. Our results also suggest that the impact of smoking restrictions was larger in counties with higher rates of smoking prevalence. (JELL51, D78, H0)

In 1950, Congress created the Federal Impact Aid Program to compensate local school districts for lost tax revenue or increased burdens resulting from federal activities, including the placement of military bases within school districts. Currently, Impact Aid provides nearly $1 billion per year in subsidies to approximately 1400 local school districts that enroll over 1.2 million eligible children. This current study examines the adequacy of the funding in the Impact Aid program as an example of how the existing public finance literature provides the tools to help policy makers make informed decisions. (JEL H0, H7, 12)

While vote-buying is common, little is known about how politicians determine who to target. We argue that vote-buying can be sustained by an internalized norm of reciprocity. Receiving money engenders feelings of obligation. Combining survey data on vote-buying with an experiment-based measure of reciprocity, we show that politicians target reciprocal individuals. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of social preferences in determining political behavior.

The paper examines the sustainability of U.S. fiscal policy, finding substantial evidence in favor. I summarize the U.S. fiscal record from 1792-2003, critically review sustainability conditions and their testable implications, and apply them to U.S. data. I particularly emphasize the ramifications of economic growth. A ?growth dividend? has historically covered the entire interest bill on the U.S. debt. Unit root tests on real series, unscaled by GDP, are distorted by the series? severe heteroskedasticity. The most credible evidence in favor of sustainability is the robust positive response of primary surpluses to fluctuations in the debt-GDP ratio.

This report discusses both the reshaping of certain policy areas and the socio-political repercussions an Eastward enlargement of the euro-zone may have. The focus lies on the potential for social conflict enhanced by the enlargement process and their consequences for national policy-making. The paper first surveys some of the major socio-economic changes to be expected in the course of enlarging the euro-zone. This allows to isolate the sensitive segments and areas in which enlargement will arguably lead to costs of adjustment. Next the paper discusses the political economy of major issues concerning national welfare states. It is shown that, whereas capital and goods markets are already in the process of reshaping,there is substantive political resistance against the flexibilisation of labour markets and social policies. This has implications for both national wage bargaining systems and national net contributions to the EU public budget. Two most significant projections are that the Stability and Growth Pact will be put under increasing pressure, since politicians will fear the negative consequences of fiscal retrenchment, and that CEEC will manage to double their share of EU transfers once they join EU and EMU. Finally, the report addresses 'soft issues' such as public opinion on the adoption of the Euro. The analysis of micro-data shows that although support is primarily driven by national legacies, welfare state institutions may well play a role in cushioning the short-term costs of Ezoneplus.

There has recently been a rapid growth in international literature and research on the links between economic growth and social capability and their impact upon well-being. This paper draws on that literature to build upon previous Treasury work at the intersection of economic and social policy. It examines the relationship between a productive economy and a society that enjoys high levels of participation, connection and cohesion, and their combined impact of peoples' well-being. It suggests that the objective in an inclusive economy is to improve the well-being of New Zealanders by directing policy to ensure that there are broad based opportunities to participate in society and the economy. The paper notes the 'virtuous' and 'vicious' circles that can occur when positive or negative interrelationships arise as a result of the above links. It suggests that there are five broad policy themes that are particularly important for building a more inclusive New Zealand economy. In particular there are a small number of policy areas where there appear to be opportunities for gains in equity and participation while being neutral or even positive for growth. These opportunities lie in focusing on education and jobs in the lower part of the distribution of attainment and skills; on strengthening Maori institutions and governance; and improving understanding of and reporting of the results of government action. Three Treasury companion papers to this one expand on particular aspects of the inclusive economy. They are Reducing Disparities in an Inclusive Economy (forthcoming), Human Capital and the Inclusive Economy and Geography and the Inclusive Economy: A Regional Perspective.

Abstract. This research is intended to know the influence. This research is conducted because it is still related to the fraud and inefficiency of government apparatus performance in Bandung. This study uses a sample of Organization of Local Government of Bandung City Government in the form of agency and agency. This research uses descriptive verification method with hypothesis test using simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that in Bandung City has done very well. In addition, the performance performance of Bandung City Government apparatus has also been in accordance with the principle of good governance. The results also show a positive influence. H0 rejected and Ha accepted. Keywords: Internal Control System, Performance, Good Governance. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh implementasi sistem pengendalian internal terhadap kinerja instansi pemerintah. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena masih adanya indikasi terkait dengan kecurangan dan inefisiensi kinerja aparatur pemerintah di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan sample Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Pemerintah Kota Bandung yang berbentuk dinas dan badan sejumlah 23 sample. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif verifikatif dengan uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penerapan sistem pengendalian internal di pemerintah Kota Bandung telah terlaksana dengan sangat baik. Selain itu, pelaksanaan kinerja aparatur Pemerintah Kota Bandung juga telah sesuai dengan prinsip good governance. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif antara implementasi sistem pengendalian internal terhadap kinerja instansi pemerintah. Sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima Kata Kunci: Sistem Pengendalian Internal, Kinerja, Good Governance

In statistical literature there exist many tests to reveal the independence of two qualitative variables in two‑way contingency tables (CTs), in particular in 2×2 CTs. In this paper four independence tests were compared. These are: the chi‑square test, being the most popular type of power divergence statistics; the modular test and the d‑square test, which is a modification of the Pearson's test; the logarithmic minimum test which is a new proposal. Critical values for the tests listed above were determined with the Monte Carlo method. In order to compare the tests, the measure of untruthfulness of H0 was proposed and the power of the tests was calculated.

Facing unprecedented uncertainty and drastic trade-offs between public health and other forms of human well-being, policy makers during the Covid-19 pandemic have sought the guidance of epidemiologists and economists. Unfortunately, while both groups of scientists use many of the same basic mathematical tools, the models they develop to inform policy tend to rely on different sets of assumptions and, thus, often lead to different policy conclusions. This divergence in policy recommendations can lead to uncertainty and confusion, opening the door to disinformation, distrust of institutions, and politicization of scientific facts. Unfortunately, to date, there have not been widespread efforts to build bridges and find consensus or even to clarify sources of differences across these fields, members of whom often continue to work within their traditional academic silos. In response to this "crisis of communication," we convened a group of scholars from epidemiology, economics, and related fields (e.g., statistics, engineering, and health policy) to discuss approaches to modeling economy-wide pandemics. We summarize these conversations by providing a consensus view of disciplinary differences (including critiques) and working through a specific policy example. Thereafter, we chart a path forward for more effective synergy between disciplines, which we hope will lead to better policies as the current pandemic evolves and future pandemics emerge.

Facing unprecedented uncertainty and drastic trade-offs between public health and other forms of human well-being, policymakers during the Covid-19 pandemic have sought the guidance of epidemiologists and economists. Unfortunately, while both groups of scientists use many of the same basic mathematical tools, the models they develop to inform policy tend to rely on different sets of assumptions and, thus, often lead to different policy conclusions. This divergence in policy recommendations can lead to uncertainty and confusion, opening the door to disinformation, distrust of institutions, and politicization of scientific facts. Unfortunately, to date, there have not been widespread efforts to build bridges and find consensus or even to clarify sources of differences across these fields, members of whom often continue to work within their traditional academic silos. In response to this "crisis of communication," we convened a group of scholars from epidemiology, economics, and related fields (such as statistics, engineering, and health policy) to discuss approaches to modeling economy-wide pandemics. We summarize these conversations by providing a consensus view of disciplinary differences (including critiques) and working through a specific policy example. Thereafter, we chart a path forward for more effective synergy among disciplines, which we hope will lead to better policies as the current pandemic evolves and future pandemics emerge.

Very few studies currently exist on the long-term impacts of schooling policies in developing countries. We examine the impacts—half a century later—of a mass education program conducted by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the occupied areas during the First Indochina War. Difference-in-difference estimation results suggest that school-age children who were exposed to the program obtained significantly higher levels of education than their peers who were residing in French-occupied areas. The impacts are statistically significant for school-age girls and not for school-age boys. We find beneficial spillover and inter-generational impacts of education: affected girls enjoyed higher household living standards, had more educated spouses, and raised more educated children. We discuss various robustness checks and extensions that support these findings.

In recent theories of comparative development, the role of institutional differences has been crucial. Yet, what explains comparative institutional evolution? We investigate this issue by studying the coffee exporting economies of Latin America. Although homogeneous in many ways, they experienced radically different paths of economic (and political) development, which is conventionally traced to the differential organization of the coffee industry. We show that the different forms that the coffee economy took in the 19th century was critically determined by the legal environment determining access to land, and that different laws resulted from differences in the nature of political competition and the backgrounds of political elites. Our analysis suggests that explanations of institutional differences that stress economic fundamentals can only be part of the story. At least in the economies that we study, while geography, factor endowments and technology are clearly important, their implications for the institutional structure and thus development are conditional on the form that political competition takes in society. For interesting variations in economic outcomes, endowments are not fate. ; El papel de las diferencias institucionales ha sido crucial en las teorías recientes del desarrollo comparativo. Pero ¿Qué explica las diferencias comparativas en la evolución institucional? En este trabajo investigamos este asunto estudiando las economías exportadoras de café en Latinoamérica. Aunque similares, estas economías experimentaron diferentes modelos de desarrollo económico (y político) convencionalmente explicados en relación con su diferente organización de la industria cafetera. Este artículo muestra que las diferentes formas adoptadas por la economía cafetera en el siglo XIX estuvieron especialmente determinadas por el entorno legal del acceso a la tierra y de las diferentes leyes resultantes de las diferencias en la naturaleza de la competición política y de la formación de las elites políticas. Nuestro análisis sugiere que las explicaciones de diferencia institucional que presionan los fundamentos de la economía pueden ser sólo una parte de la explicación. Al menos en las economías que hemos estudiado, mientras la geografía, la dotación de recursos y la tecnología son claramente importantes en la explicación, sus implicaciones sobre la estructura institucional y, en consecuencia, sobre el desarrollo, dependen de la forma de competición política adoptada por la sociedad. Para las interesantes variaciones de los resultados económicos los recursos no son el destino.

This paper provides an analysis of the effectiveness of climate policies by focusing on the link between policy options on the one hand, and structure of the agreements and of the international regimes on the other hand. In particular, the paper analyses whether there are the conditions for an agreement on climate change to be signed by all or almost all world countries; and whether some countries can play a strategic role, with respect to the goal of achieving the largest possible agreement, by proposing strategies, measures, institutions that help to expand the number of countries which commit to control their emissions. In this way, the paper also analyses which strategies can be proposed to reduce the costs of mitigation policies, where the cost reduction is achieved by increasing the number of signatories and by dividing more equitably the burden of emission control.