Suchergebnisse

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CONVENTIONS IN THE TEXT -- MAP: Provinces of China Proper within the Qing Empire, circa 1800 -- Introduction -- 1. "Getting a Husband to Support a Husband" -- 2. Attitudes of Families, Communities, and Women toward Polyandry -- 3. The Intermediate Range of Practice -- 4. Anatomy of a Wife Sale -- 5. Analysis of the Prices in Wife Sales -- 6. Negotiations between Men over Wife Sales -- 7. Wives, Their Natal Families, and Children -- 8. Four Variations on a Theme -- 9. Formal Law and Central Court Interpretation from Ming through High Qing -- 10. Absolutism versus Pragmatism in Central Court Treatment of Wife Sales -- 11. Flexible Adjudication of Routine Cases in the Local Courts -- Conclusion -- APPENDICES -- CHARACTER LIST -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- INDEX

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- PART I . URBANIZATION -- 1. Traces of the Future -- 2. The Chinese Eco-City and Suburbanization Planning -- 3. Hegel's Portfolio -- PART II. STRUCTURAL RECONFIGURATIONS -- 4. Dams, Displacement, and the Moral Economy in Southwest China -- 5. Slaughter Renunciation in Tibetan Pastoral Areas -- 6. "You've Got to Rely on Yourself . . . and the State!" -- 7. Queer Reflections and Recursion in Homoerotic Bildungsroman -- PART III. MIGRATION AND SHIFTING IDENTITIES -- 8. Temporal-Spatial Migration -- 9. Regimes of Exclusion and Inclusion -- 10. "I Am Great Leap Liu!" -- REFERENCES -- CONTRIBUTORS -- INDEX

Central Asia is a region where both China and Japan would like to pursue greater roles and interests. Largely initiated by China, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation has enhanced China's influence in Central Asia. This has caused concern for Japan, which then sought to expand its presence in the region. Through meetings and dialogues with Central Asian leaders, and by providing aid and loans to states in the region, leaders of China and Japan have been trying to obtain contracts for extracting oil, natural gas, rare metals, uranium and other minerals from Central Asian states, and secure peace in Afghanistan. (China/GIGA)

In imperial China, people moved away from the gender they were assigned at birth in different ways and for many reasons. Eunuchs, boy actresses, and clergy left behind normative gender roles defined by family and procreation. "Stone maidens"—women deemed physically incapable of vaginal intercourse—might depart from families or marriages to become Buddhist or Daoist nuns. Anatomical males who presented as women sometimes took a conventionally female occupation such as midwife, faith healer, or even medium to a fox spirit. Yet they were often punished harshly for the crime of "masquerading in women's attire," suspected of sexual predation, even when they had lived peacefully in their communities for many years.Exploring these histories and many more, this book is a groundbreaking study of transgender lives and practices in late imperial China. Through close readings of court cases, as well as Ming and Qing fiction and nineteenth-century newspaper accounts, Matthew H. Sommer examines the social, legal, and cultural histories of gender crossing. He considers a range of transgender experiences, illuminating how certain forms of gender transgression were sanctioned in particular social contexts and penalized in others. Sommer scrutinizes the ways Qing legal authorities and literati writers represented and understood gender-nonconforming people and practices, contrasting official ideology with popular mentalities. An unprecedented account of China's transgender histories, this book also sheds new light on a range of themes in Ming and Qing law, religion, medicine, literature, and culture

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Deciding a Child's Fate: Women and Birth -- 2. Reforming Customs: Scholars and Morality -- 3. Seeing Bodies: Experts and Evidence -- 4. Saving Souls: Missionaries and Redemption -- 5. Reframing Female Infanticide: The Emerging Nation -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Chinese Character List -- Index

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Map and Tables -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part I: Envisioning Reform from the Center -- 1. Western Models and Chinese Practices: The New Policy Decade -- 2. Judicial Modernity as Performance of Formality: The Beiyang Era -- 3. Justice Under the Party-State: The Nanjing Decade -- Part II: Provincial Setting and Financial Constraints -- 4. Provincial Institutions and Judicial Reform in Jiangsu -- 5. Judicial Finance: Nation, Province, and County -- Part III: The County Judicial Process -- 6. The Social Context of County Judicial Functions -- 7. Power and Justice in Local Society -- 8. Prison Reform and County Jails -- Part IV: Between Formalization and Informal Practices -- 9. "Quick Justice": Punishing Robbers and Bandits -- 10. The Praxis of Petition and the Economy of False Accusation -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Glossary -- Index