Suchergebnisse

Particular societies exist in an environment that is both physical and geopolitical. Unsuccessful societies if they survive will tend to adopt structures of their successful rivals, either through assimilation or crisis. Some states will select a developmentally better structure than the dominant culture possession and this will be diffused by emulation or conquest. (SJK)

"Nationalisms in International Conflict" published on by Oxford University Press.

AbstractAlthough the Geneva Conventions have been successively revised since 1864, norms regarding the protection of medical care have been frequently disregarded. Despite current claims of international humanitarian law in crisis, comparing historic levels of violations with contemporary incidents is quantitatively challenging. Reviewing past reactions and justifications used by perpetrators of attacks on medical care can, however, be revealing. Based on a series of emblematic cases, qualitative analysis of perpetrator discourse can contribute to a better understanding of why the protection of medical care in armed conflict continues to be problematic to this day, notably through the rationales given for attacks, which have remained remarkably consistent over time.

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PROBLEM OF THE PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF BELLIGERENT BEHAVIOR IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ON THE BASIS OF CASE STUDIES DRAWN FROM 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY HISTORY IS UNDERTAKEN IN THIS PAPER. THREE QUESTIONS: 1) THE ABILITY TO TALK OF A BELLIGERENT TYPE, 2) PERSONALITY TYPES AND 3) IF ANY EXPLANATION RE. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT COULD BE GIVEN FOR THIS PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR

How malleable are the attitudes of people in a post-conflict society toward their former adversaries? I conduct a laboratory experiment in Azerbaijan, which fought a war against its neighbor Armenia in the 1990s, to investigate whether reconsideration of the roots of the conflict can influence interethnic attitudes. Subjects are assigned differing interpretations of the conflict and asked to think about or discuss their reactions. The results indicate that the most effective interventions work through, rather than against, existing beliefs. Discussion also plays a critical role in provoking the introspection that is necessary to challenge longstanding prejudices. The analysis provides insight into the social psychological processes of prejudice reduction and offers caveats to conventional policy interventions to encourage reconciliation.

This book presents papers on different perspectives in tackling the economic, racial and other injustices which generate conflict. The papers infer that the nuclear threat provides the most urgent manifestation of the inadequacy of war as a means of resolving differences between nations.

IT HAS SOMETIMES BEEN CLAIMED THAT THE MARXIST THEORY OF HISTORY SUFFERS FROM CIRCULAR REASONING WHEN IT POINTS TO THE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY INSTITUTIONS IN REPRODUCING A GIVEN SET OF SOCIAL RELATIONS. THIS ESSAY IN HISTORICAL MATERIALISM ADVANCES THE ARGUMENT THAT A SPECIES OF SELECTION CAN BE SEEN AT WORK IN HISTORY, ELIMINATING OR MARGINALIZING INSTITUTIONS AND EVEN WHOLE FORMS OF SOCIETY THAT FAIL TO STAND THE TEST OF ECONOMIC OR MILITARY VIABILITY. INDEED, THE TIME MAY EVEN COME WHEN COMPETITIVE SELECTION IS A MORE TENABLE HYPOTHESIS IN THE SOCIAL THAN IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES.