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Describes plans for holding a parliamentary election on June 5, 1997, the first since cancellation of the 1991 polls and outlawing of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS); prospects for an end to killings and bomb attacks.

The recent political developments in the Arab world, in general, and in the North African states like Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, in particular, develop new enthusiasm on the interaction between Islam/Islamism/Islamic movements and democracy; especially with the institutions and practices of western liberal democracy. Islamist groups have become a critical factor in the larger politics of those states and the central focus of any serious debate on political liberalisation and democratisation in the Arab world. The 1990s witnessed a revival of Islamism in the political sphere through the increasing participation of Islamists in elections and the democratic process. It has raised some new debates on the fundamental question of the compatibility of Islam and democracy. Such debates, at times, challenged the dominant western pre-supposition that Islam and democracy are incompatible. It has become crucial in the widely discussed 'post September 11' global context where many groups in the west project Islamism and Islamic movements as the biggest threat to modern liberal–democratic states. The Algerian experiment with democracy in the late 1980s, which this article discusses in detail, was the first such experiment in the Arab world where Islamists actively participated in a liberal democratic election process. The developments that had taken place after the victory of Islamists in this election were crucial in framing an Islamist approach to democracy thereafter.

No doubt that Islamic banks have proved its efficiency and effectiveness in both :In methods of financial management and also in the mobilization of financial resources for the sake to promote development in various economic sectors not only in Islamic countries but even in European as well and of course according to Islamic Sharia rules. The aim of this paper is to examine the performances and the Islamic methods adopted to improve the allocation of financial resources and its specific ways to boost earnings. Besides, Islamic financial assets were involved in huge financial markets due to its high quality of financial services provided to investors. Actually, Islamic banking exists in more than 67 countries and by the end of 2019 they may reach about 75 countries in the world. The results show that legislation, shortage of qualified individuals and the lack of using a high technology are the most critical factor of Islamic banking in Algeria.

Der Verfasser gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die politische, wirtschaftliche und soziale Lage Rumäniens unter dem Ceausescu-Regime. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Verlauf und Inhalt der Revolution vom Dezember 1989 dargestellt. Der Verfasser analysiert den Aufstieg der Front zur nationalen Rettung und charakterisiert die Situation des nachrevolutionären Rumänien als die eine Gesellschaft im Übergang. Eine Untersuchung des politischen Programms und der Wirtschaftspolitik der Front zur nationalen Rettung macht deutlich, daß Rumänien gegenwärtig von einem autoritären Regime gelenkt wird, das jedoch erste Schritte in Richtung auf eine marktorientierte Wirtschaftsreform eingeleitet hat. (BIOst-Wpt)