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"In the popular imagination, Islam is often associated with words like oppression, totalitarianism, intolerance, cruelty, misogyny, and homophobia, while its presumed antonyms are Christianity, the West, liberalism, individualism, freedom, citizenship, and democracy. In the most alarmist views, the West's most cherished values - freedom, equality, and tolerance - are said to be endangered by Islam worldwide. Joseph Massad's Islam in Liberalism explores what Islam has become in today's world, with full attention to the multiplication of its meanings and interpretations. He seeks to understand how anxieties about tyranny, intolerance, misogyny, and homophobia, seen in the politics of the Middle East, are projected onto Islam itself. Massad shows that through this projection, Europe emerges as democratic and tolerant, feminist, and pro-LGBT rights - or, in short, Islam-free. Massad documents the Christian and liberal idea that we should missionize democracy, women's rights, sexual rights, tolerance, equality, and even therapies to cure Muslims of their un-European, un-Christian, and illiberal ways. Along the way he sheds light on a variety of controversial topics, including the meanings of democracy - and the ideological assumption that Islam is not compatible with it while Christianity is - women in Islam, sexuality and sexual freedom, and the idea of Abrahamic religions valorizing an interfaith agenda. Islam in Liberalism is an unflinching critique of Western assumptions and of the liberalism that Europe and Euro-America blindly present as a type of salvation to an assumingly unenlightened Islam."

A review essay on books by (1) Judith N. Shklar, Political Thought and Political Thinkers Chicago: U Chicago Press, 1999); (2) Judith N. Shklar, Redeeming American Political Thought (Chicago: U Chicago Press, 1998); & (3) Bernard Yack [Ed], Liberalism without Illusions: Essays on Liberal Theory and the Political Vision of Judith N. Shklar (Chicago: U Chicago Press, 1996). After Shklar's death in 1992, Hoffmann & Thompson collected her elegant & insightful essays in two volumes. These provide a useful survey of her intellectual career, supplemented here with biographical data. Redeeming American Political Thought, in particular, contains much previously unpublished material that, characteristic of Shklar's rare originality & distinctiveness as an historian, confronts recent interpretive trends in political theory. Taken together, the two volumes lead to a reconsideration of Shklar's paradoxical achievements -- the political theorist who, throughout her career, remained skeptical of political theory & uneasy with its state at the end of the 20th century. Various interpretations of Shklar, discussed here, are presented in the essays presented by Yack. M. Pflum

The modern liberalism is a political thought movement which develops by the enlightenment of western. Firstly it used by Adam Smith as a notion. Liberalism comes into prominence with dignity and supporting the true things as freedom of religion and conscience, the leadership of mind, determinate countries, private ownership etc. Sophism was born in V. century. Protagoras is the first agent of sophism. Sophism is a philosophical quadrat that which one criticizes aristocratic and entrenched thoughts, takes people in to the center and the top of life by idea of metronantropospanton (human is measure of everything), based on humanity while legislation and implement .sophists suppose the successful person as happy person, gives a pragmatical meaning to life. Generally, we can tell that the sophists have a democratic approach. This works handles sophism as a messenger of modern liberalism and the agent in Ancient Greece with "against the aristocratic constitution, criticize sing entrenched thoughts, takes humanity to the center of everything and with pragmatic nascency". ; The modern liberalism is a political thought movement which develops by the enlightenment of western. Firstly it used by Adam Smith as a notion. Liberalism comes into prominence with dignity and supporting the true things as freedom of religion and conscience, the leadership of mind, determinate countries, private ownership etc. Sophism was born in V. century. Protagoras is the first agent of sophism. Sophism is a philosophical quadrat that which one criticizes aristocratic and entrenched thoughts, takes people in to the center and the top of life by idea of metronantropospanton (human is measure of everything), based on humanity while legislation and implement .sophists suppose the successful person as happy person, gives a pragmatical meaning to life. Generally, we can tell that the sophists have a democratic approach. This works handles sophism as a messenger of modern liberalism and the agent in Ancient Greece with "against the aristocratic constitution, criticize sing entrenched thoughts, takes humanity to the center of everything and with pragmatic nascency".

Since the Sixteenth century there have been 2 basic problems to which liberal thought has sought a solution: to fix moral limits on the powers of governments and to mediate between the different perceptions of the 'goodlife' reasonable people hold. (SJK)

During the past 40 years, many of liberalism's most distinguished defenders have presented complex, controversial, abstruse, and even impenetrable theories to justify liberal institutions and practices, often relying on metaphysical constructs, imaginary beings, and fanciful events to describe abstract liberal principles that rarely reach real-world problems. This book proposes that John Stuart Mill's harm principle - that the state may act only to prevent harm to others - can justify a government capable of dealing with pressing modern problems of human harm while restrained enough to provide people freedom to live life on their own terms