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This chapter is focused on the problem of income inequalities in contemporary China which is one of the biggest developmental challenges for this country. First this part of the analysis includes general overview on studied problem putting emphasis on instrument for measuring income inequalities, and general drivers of this phenomenon. Second part is concentered on the nature of this problem in China since the late 1970s, when country has faced a period of rapid economic development. Chapter also points out attempts taken by the Chinese government to reduce income inequalities.

To study the consequences of an economic change on income
distribution we rank distributions of income at different points in time
and quantify the degree of income inequalities. Changes in income
distribution can be ascertained either through drawing the Lorenz curves
or through estimating different inequality indices, such as Gini
Coefficient, coefficient of variation, standard deviation of logs of in•
comes, Theil's Index and Atkinson's Index. Ranking the distributions of
income through Lorenz curves is, of course, possible only as long as
they do not intersect. Moreover, when Lorenz curves do not intersect
each other, all inequality measures rank income distributions uniformly.
However, if the Lorenz curves do intersect each other. different
inequality measures may rank income distributions differently and thus
the direction of change cannot be determined unambiguously. For this
reason , the use of a single measure would be misleading. Accordingly ,
the use of a 'package' of inequality measures becomes essential.

This paper uses the method of DiNardo et al. ("ASemiparametric Approach") to examine the distribution of the benefits of growth in Java. DiNardo method presents the decompositions visually rather than in the form of opaque summary statistics. In this paper, it was modified so that changes in the cumulative distribution functions, Lorenz curves and generalized Lorenz curves are decomposed. (DSE/DÜI)

The aim of this paper is to analyse gross inland energy consumption (EC) in the EU-15 - European Union countries over the period 2005-2014. The standard tools in the measurement of income inequality such as Lorenz Curve, Gini Index, and Generalized Entropy and Atkinson indices are applied. The empirical results confirm that EC inequality has decreased (the Gini coefficient falls from 44.27% in 2005 to 42.16% in 2014), that there are a small inward shift in the corresponding Lorenz Curve and there are huge differences among the four European clusters of countries (Mediterranean, Continental, Nordic and Anglo-Saxon ones). ; El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el consumo de energía (CE) en los países de la Unión Europea (UE-15) durante el periodo 2005-2014. Se aplican herramientas estándar en la medición de la desigualdad, como las Curvas de Lorenz, el índice de Gini, los índices de entropía generalizada y de Atkinson. Los resultados empíricos, obtenidos confirman que se ha producido un desplazamiento de las curvas de Lorenz, que la distribución de desigualdad del CE en los países de la UE-15 ha disminuido (el coeficiente de Gini cae del 44,27% en 2005 al 42,16% en 2014) y existen amplias diferencias entre grupos de países (Mediterráneos, Continentales, Nórdicos y Anglosajones).