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The fight for Lwów/Lviv in 1918 was the first military conflict in the difficult twentieth-century history of Polish–Ukrainian relations. In the inter-war period, an impressive military memorial, the Eaglets Cemetery, was constructed in Lwów to honor the young defenders of the city. A monument to the Eaglets was also erected in the neighboring Przemyśl. In inter-war Poland, the Ukrainians, who had lost their cause for state independence, created their own cult of national heroes, the Sich Riflemen. Their graves in Lwów and Przemyśl, as well as in many smaller towns, became sites of public commemoration and national mobilization. This article traces the emergence, the development and the post-World War II decay of both competing memorial cults, focusing on their revival and political uses after 1989. It examines the trans-border aspects of memory politics in Lviv and Przemyśl and analyses the role of war memorials in (re-)establishing the link between ethnic communities and their homelands.

Das Land Galizien und seine Hauptstadt Lemberg (ukrain. L'vìv, poln. Lwów) gehörten seit 1772 zur österreichischen Monarchie. Dadurch erfuhr die Germanisierung hier einen kräftigen Aufschwung. Die Regierung der Donaumonarchie legte auf professionelle Kunst und vor allem aber auf die Musikausbildung in den neu angeschlossenen Provinzen besonderen Wert.

Thea article discusses the Nachtigall unit, its command structure, and functional characteristics in the advancing Wehrmacht. It also covers Nachtigall's purpose and tasks during the battles for Lviv. The unit is studied in the context of the German military structure as of 1941. ; W artykule przedstawiona została wchodząca w skład Wermachtu jednostka Nachtigall oraz jej znaczenie w trakcie bitwy o Lwów. Omówiono jej strukturę dowodzenia oraz rolę i zadania w trakcie walk. Jednostka była badana w kontekście niemieckiej struktury wojskowej od 1941 roku.

Thea article discusses the Nachtigall unit, its command structure, and functional characteristics in the advancing Wehrmacht. It also covers Nachtigall's purpose and tasks during the battles for Lviv. The unit is studied in the context of the German military structure as of 1941. ; W artykule przedstawiona została wchodząca w skład Wermachtu jednostka Nachtigall oraz jej znaczenie w trakcie bitwy o Lwów. Omówiono jej strukturę dowodzenia oraz rolę i zadania w trakcie walk. Jednostka była badana w kontekście niemieckiej struktury wojskowej od 1941 roku.

Abstract: A tragedy of the Galician diversity: Murder and commemoration of Polish professors killed in Lviv during WWIIIn popular imagery, the former Habsburg province of Galicia and its capital city Lemberg/Lwów/Lviv have been acclaimed for their unique mixture of religions, cultures and nationalities. However, there are also darker sides of this Galician diversity, as became evident during the wars and crises of the first half of the twentieth century. It is instructive to explore how the entanglements between collective and individual choices, cultural genealogies and political aspirations looked in practice in this part of Europe, and how historical events of the twentieth century have reflected this complexity. This article explores one such event: the murder of a group of eminent Polish academics during the Nazi occupation of Lviv/Lwów. After the war, this tragic episode was commemorated quite independently in the two parts of Galicia now divided by the redrawn Polish–(Soviet)Ukrainian border. The episode remains controversial due to the contradictory interpretative frameworks and agenda-setting of various actors involved into the memorialization. The author draws on Michael Rothberg's concept of multidirectional memory to highlight how reverberations of Galician diversity can be approached from an anthropological perspective, focusing on meaning-making and agency.