Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Highlights -- 1.3 How to Use This Book -- 1.4 Future Research Directions -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- Ground Fragmentation -- 2 Energy Distribution in the Blast Fragmentation Process -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Stored Energy in the Explosives and Release Balance -- 2.2.1 Reaction Product Hierarchy -- 2.2.2 Oxygen Balance (OB) -- 2.2.3 Properties of Explosives Related to Energy Stored in the Explosive -- 2.2.3.1 Density -- 2.2.3.2 Velocity of Detonation (VOD) -- 2.2.3.3 Detonation Pressure -- 2.2.4 Energy Stored in the Explosive -- 2.2.4.1 Heat of Reaction -- 2.2.4.2 Heat of Formation -- 2.2.4.3 Heat of Detonation (Detonation Energy) -- 2.2.4.4 Energy as Expansion Work -- 2.2.4.5 Final Remarks -- 2.3 Balance and Use of the Expansion Work Energy Delivered to the Surrounding Rock -- 2.3.1 Fragmentation Energy (E_{{\rm F}}) -- 2.3.2 Seismic Energy (E_{{\rm S}} ) -- 2.3.3 Kinetic Energy (E_{{\rm K}}) -- 2.3.4 Fragments Rotation Energy (E_{{\rm R}}) -- 2.3.5 Energy Nonmeasurable (E_{{\rm NM}}) -- 2.3.5.1 Energy of Plastic Work, Radiation, and Acoustic -- 2.4 Application of Energy Input for Ground Fragmentation -- 2.5 Summary -- References -- 3 Effect of Hole Stemming Practices on Energy Efficiency of Comminution -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Types of Stemming -- 3.2.1 Sizing of Stemming Material -- 3.2.2 Water Effects on Stemming -- 3.3 Mechanics of Stemming -- 3.3.1 Stemming Resistance -- 3.3.2 Borehole Pressure -- 3.3.3 Gas Flow Models and Optimal Stemming Length -- 3.3.4 Stemming Pressure Losses -- 3.3.5 Ejection Model -- 3.3.6 Retention Model -- 3.3.7 Borehole Springing -- 3.4 Nonideal Stemming -- 3.4.1 Increasing Stemming Resistance -- 3.4.2 Stemming Plugs -- 3.4.3 Airdecks -- 3.5 Loading Stemming -- 3.6 Stemming Charges -- 3.7 Decking

List of Figures and Maps; Preface; 1. Introduction: Negotiating the Multiple Edges of Mining Encounters -- Robert Jan Pijpers and Thomas Hylland Eriksen; 2. From Allegiance to Connection: Structural Injustice, Scholarly Norms and the Anthropological Ethics of Mining Encounters -- Alex Golub; 3. The 'Shooting Fields of Porgera Joint Venture': An Exploration of Corporate Power, Reputational Dynamics and Indigenous Agency -- Catherine Coumans; 4. Rubbish at the Border: A Minefield of Conservation Politics at the Lawa River, Suriname/French Guiana -- Sabine Luning and Marjo de Theije

Competitiveness of the U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry -- Copyright -- Abstract -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- TECHNOLOGY AND COMPETITIVENESS -- Industry -- Academe -- Government -- Bureau of Mines -- Government-Academic-Industrial Cooperation -- RECOMMENDED ACTIONS -- 1 U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry in a Changing Global Context -- WORLD MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY -- Globalization of Production and Ownership -- Changing Patterns of Supply and Demand -- Changing Corporate Structure of the Industry -- TRENDS IN THE U.S. INDUSTRY -- REVIVAL OF THE MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY -- Factors Leading to the Recovery -- Effects of the Recovery -- Outlook for the Industry -- REFERENCES -- 2 Supply, Demand, and Competitiveness -- OVERVIEW OF THE MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY -- TRENDS IN MINERAL AND METAL PRODUCTION -- Aluminum -- Steel -- Base Metals -- Copper -- Lead -- Zinc -- TRENDS IN METALS DEMAND -- Current Status of Materials Demand -- Near-Term Trends in Materials Consumption -- Trends in Industry Use of Materials -- COMPETITIVENESS OF THE U.S. INDUSTRY -- Shifts in U.S. Competitiveness -- General Trends -- Competitiveness by Sector -- Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages of the U.S. Industry -- Technology and U.S. Comparative Advantage -- Data Analysis for Materials Planning -- 3 Role of Science and Technology in Minerals and Metals Competitiveness Issues -- BACKGROUND -- EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES -- Exploration Geology -- Mapping and Surveying -- Geophysics -- Geochemistry -- Drilling Technology -- Directions for Future R&D -- MINING TECHNOLOGIES -- Current Mining Technologies -- Limitations of Present Mining Technology -- The Case for New Technology -- Directions for Future R&D -- MINERAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES -- Current Mineral Processing Technologies -- Directions for Future R&D.

Most of the plates printed on both sides of leaf. ; Text in English and Dutch. ; Presented to both houses of Parliament by the honourable, the minister of mines and industries. ; Bibliography: p.[11]-14. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- What Should We Know about the Extractive Industries Sector? -- Notes -- Organization of this Volume -- Chapter 1 Defining Sector Policy Objectives -- The Extractive Industries Value Chain -- Improving Revenue Mobilization -- Generating Extractive-Based Economic and Social Development -- Note -- Chapter 2 The Economics of the Extractive Industries Sector -- Accounting for Physical Stocks: Resources, Reserves, and the Economic Interpretation of Ore -- Theory of Rents and Valuation of Subsoil Assets -- Structure of Energy and Mineral Markets -- Notes -- Chapter 3 Institutional Framework -- Mandates and Coordination -- Role of the Sector Ministry -- Roles of the Ministry of Finance and Revenue-Collecting Agencies -- Role of the National Resource Company -- Roles of Other Ministries and Government Agencies -- Note -- Chapter 4 Investment and Production Cycles -- Characteristics of Extractive Industry Investments -- The Mining Cycle -- The Oil and Gas Cycle -- Chapter 5 Extractive Industries Policy -- Policy and Regulatory Frameworks -- Sector Financing, Ownership, and Liabilities -- Mineral Legislation, Regulation, and Contracting Regimes -- Establishing and Maintaining a Geodata Information Base -- Mineral Rights Cadastre -- Overview of Extractive Industries Tax and Royalty Regimes -- Enhancing Competitiveness and Productivity -- Note -- Chapter 6 Monitoring and Enforcing Contracts: Legal Obligations and Institutional Responsibilities -- Legal and Contractual Regimes -- Building Transparency and Accountability in Contract and Revenue Management -- Monitoring and Enforcing Fiscal Regimes for the Extractive Sector -- Environmental Safeguards: Financial Sureties for Decommissioning -- Social Safeguards: Community Foundations, Trusts, and Funds.

For the last 20 years, fostering greater transparency in the historically opaque extractive industries has been a governance priority in the sector. It is now time to build on the progress made and unlock greater gains from it. Achieving this requires getting serious about politics. The extractive industries (EI) are at a critical juncture, confronted with major contextual upheaval. A period of significant commodity price volatility is intersecting with the global energy transition and, more recently, the major social, political, and economic repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic–a combination of forces creating both uncertainty and potentially major shifts in how EI are developed and governed. As EI governance practitioners grapple with these shifts, and the challenges and opportunities they bring, transparency will be an essential tool. However, practitioners need to think–and work– more politically as they develop and deploy this tool moving forward to make the most of its potential. Work on EI transparency has achieved important successes over the last two decades. For example, significant commitments to disclosure have been secured, the volume of publicly available information about critical activities has increased considerably, and norms around certain information being in the public domain have been established. There is also a growing library of use cases for this information. However, technical and political factors have–and continue to–limit the full range of benefits that can flow from data disclosures. Unlocking the potential of this critical work will require identifying and reckoning with these factors head-on. This brief is part of the Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment's PLUS Politics series, a multi-part series of briefs from CCSI that aims to encourage practitioners to apply a more systematic political lens to their work on governance in the extractive industries.